朴正熙政权的特征、绩效与局限性分析
发布时间：2018-10-12 08:33
【摘要】： 本文对统治韩国长达十八年（1961—1979）之久的朴正熙权威主义政权， 进行了较为全面的分析和研究，重点探讨了政治体制与经济发展之间的内在 联系。 文章的结构分为五个部分。导论部分，说明了论文选题的意义、研究现 状、研究方法和本文所要研究的主要问题，，并对权威主义的概念进行了阐述。 第一节论述了朴正熙权威主义政权的两大基本特征：“强有力的政府”和“高 效率的政府”。“强有力的政府”主要表现在：高度集中的政治权力、政府 的自主性与政企联盟、高素质的技术官僚队伍三个方面。“高效率的政府” 主要表现在军队文化进入政府和政府职能的分化与专门化两个方面。第二节 论述了朴正熙权威主义政权的三大绩效。涤荡了第一共和国政府只讲“统一” 不讲建设的治国谬论，清除了第二共和国的动荡与混乱，为第三共和国确立 了“经济发展第一”的战略方针，是朴正熙政权的第一大绩效。运用国家机 器，采取果断措施，压制了权力斗争、官场腐败等政治恶疾，改良了社会秩 序、整顿了法律法规、规制了劳资关系，实现了社会和政治稳定，构筑了经 济发展的政治环境，是朴正熙政权的第二大绩效。充分发挥了政府培植市场 要素的经济功能与作用，创造了一整套经济发展“刺激体制”，扶植和鼓励 了市场主体——企业的生成和发展，启动和推进了“政府主导型市场经济” 发展模式，实现了韩国经济的迅猛发展，是朴正熙政权的第三大绩效。第三 节论述了朴正熙权威主义政权的局限性，分析了权威主义政治体制自身难以 克服的五大缺陷：权威主义容易导致腐败；政府主导型经济发展模式容易导 致腐败；权威主义阻碍民主政治的发展；权威主义阻碍市场结构的健全；权 威主义阻碍市场主体的发展。 本文最后得出如下结论：朴正熙权威主义政权较好地适应了韩国当时的 社会历史条件，极大地推进了韩国经济的发展，为韩国未来民主政治的发展 打下了坚实的的经济基础。但是，作为过渡性政治形态，权威主义政体有其 结构性的弊端，随着社会经济的不断发展，市民社会的渐趋形成和公民参政 意识的日益增强，权威主义为民主政治所取代是历史发展的必然。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a comprehensive analysis and research on the authoritarianism of Park Zhengxi, which ruled Korea for 18 years (1961-1979). Focus on the political system and economic development between the internal relationship. The structure of the article is divided into five parts. In the introduction part, the author explains the significance of the topic, the research status, the research methods and the main problems to be studied in this paper, and expounds the concept of authoritarianism. The first section discusses the two basic characteristics of Park Zhengxi's authoritarianism: strong government and efficient government. "strong government" is mainly manifested in three aspects: highly centralized political power, autonomy of government and alliance between government and enterprises, and high quality technocrats. Efficient government is mainly manifested in the differentiation and specialization of military culture into government and government functions. The second section discusses the three achievements of the authoritarianism of Park Zhengxi. The government of the first Republic has purged the fallacy of governing the country, which only talks about "unification" and not construction, and eliminated the turmoil and chaos in the second Republic. The establishment of the strategic policy of "economic development first" for the third Republic is the first performance of Park Zhengxi's regime. Using state machinery and taking decisive measures to suppress political evils such as power struggle and official corruption, Improved social order, rectified laws and regulations, regulated labour relations, and achieved social and political stability. Constructing the political environment of economic development is the second performance of Park Zhengxi regime. It has brought into full play the economic function and role of the government in cultivating market elements and has created a whole set of "stimulus systems" for economic development. Fostering and encouraging the growth and development of enterprises, the main body of the market, It has started and promoted the development mode of "government-led market economy" and realized the rapid development of Korean economy, which is the third performance of Park Zhengxi regime. The third section discusses the limitations of the authoritarianism of Park Zhengxi. This paper analyzes the five defects of the political system of authoritarianism which cannot be overcome by itself: authoritarianism can easily lead to corruption; Government-led economic development model is prone to lead to corruption, authoritarianism hinders the development of democratic politics, authoritarianism hinders the perfection of market structure; Authoritarianism hinders the development of market subjects. Finally, this paper draws the following conclusion: the authoritarianism regime of Park Chung-hee has adapted well to the social and historical conditions of South Korea at that time, and greatly promoted the development of the Korean economy. For the future development of democratic politics in South Korea laid a solid economic foundation. However, as a transitional political form, authoritarianism has its structural drawbacks. With the development of social economy, With the gradual formation of civil society and the increasing consciousness of citizen's participation in politics, it is inevitable that authoritarianism is replaced by democratic politics.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：D731.2
本文编号：2265477
[Abstract]:This paper makes a comprehensive analysis and research on the authoritarianism of Park Zhengxi, which ruled Korea for 18 years (1961-1979). Focus on the political system and economic development between the internal relationship. The structure of the article is divided into five parts. In the introduction part, the author explains the significance of the topic, the research status, the research methods and the main problems to be studied in this paper, and expounds the concept of authoritarianism. The first section discusses the two basic characteristics of Park Zhengxi's authoritarianism: strong government and efficient government. "strong government" is mainly manifested in three aspects: highly centralized political power, autonomy of government and alliance between government and enterprises, and high quality technocrats. Efficient government is mainly manifested in the differentiation and specialization of military culture into government and government functions. The second section discusses the three achievements of the authoritarianism of Park Zhengxi. The government of the first Republic has purged the fallacy of governing the country, which only talks about "unification" and not construction, and eliminated the turmoil and chaos in the second Republic. The establishment of the strategic policy of "economic development first" for the third Republic is the first performance of Park Zhengxi's regime. Using state machinery and taking decisive measures to suppress political evils such as power struggle and official corruption, Improved social order, rectified laws and regulations, regulated labour relations, and achieved social and political stability. Constructing the political environment of economic development is the second performance of Park Zhengxi regime. It has brought into full play the economic function and role of the government in cultivating market elements and has created a whole set of "stimulus systems" for economic development. Fostering and encouraging the growth and development of enterprises, the main body of the market, It has started and promoted the development mode of "government-led market economy" and realized the rapid development of Korean economy, which is the third performance of Park Zhengxi regime. The third section discusses the limitations of the authoritarianism of Park Zhengxi. This paper analyzes the five defects of the political system of authoritarianism which cannot be overcome by itself: authoritarianism can easily lead to corruption; Government-led economic development model is prone to lead to corruption, authoritarianism hinders the development of democratic politics, authoritarianism hinders the perfection of market structure; Authoritarianism hinders the development of market subjects. Finally, this paper draws the following conclusion: the authoritarianism regime of Park Chung-hee has adapted well to the social and historical conditions of South Korea at that time, and greatly promoted the development of the Korean economy. For the future development of democratic politics in South Korea laid a solid economic foundation. However, as a transitional political form, authoritarianism has its structural drawbacks. With the development of social economy, With the gradual formation of civil society and the increasing consciousness of citizen's participation in politics, it is inevitable that authoritarianism is replaced by democratic politics.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：D731.2
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 张红果;朴正熙政权与韩国现代化模式的形成[D];延边大学;2010年
本文编号：2265477
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