美国战略文化二元特征的平衡性研究

发布时间：2018-10-15 16:56

【摘要】： 作为世界上的超级大国,美国的战略行为会对国际社会产生极大的影响。在面对相同或相似的外部战略问题时,被不同战略文化体系社会化的国家会做出符合该战略文化体系要求的不同战略取向。因此,战略文化是影响国家战略行为的重要因素,是理解美国战略行为的重要理论工具。受美国独特的历史的影响,它的战略文化呈现出两个基本特征——“扩展性”和“规避性”。这两个明显的特征,相互交织,衍生出了四大战略取向:霸权主义、国际主义、民族主义、和现实主义。但是受到美国决策层的价值取向,国内政治的发展,和国际环境的变化等因素的影响,在实际战略偏好这一层面,这四种战略取向发挥的作用是不一致的,而是在上述因素的作用下,在“扩展性”和“规避性”的范畴内的一种互动关系。最终的战略偏好是这四种战略取向在互动中的一个平衡点。在这一平衡点上,这四种战略取是在互动中,共同但有区别地影响美国的实际战略行为。本文主要从美国战略文化特征和影响战略文化特征对实际战略偏好选择影响力的因素入手,对美国战略文化的二元性进行平衡性研究,进而来考察和辨识美国战略中所贯穿的战略核心理念,及其与实际战略偏好之间的一致性和差异性,以期更好的理解美国的战略行为。
[Abstract]:As a superpower in the world, the strategic behavior of the United States will have a great impact on the international community. In the face of the same or similar external strategic problems, countries that are socialized by different strategic cultural systems will make different strategic orientations that meet the requirements of the strategic cultural system. Therefore, strategic culture is an important factor influencing national strategic behavior and an important theoretical tool to understand American strategic behavior. Influenced by the unique history of the United States, its strategic culture presents two basic characteristics: expansibility and circumvention. These two distinct features intertwined and gave rise to four strategic orientations: hegemonism, internationalism, nationalism, and realism. However, influenced by such factors as the value orientation of the US decision-making level, the development of domestic politics, and the changes in the international environment, these four strategic orientations play a different role in terms of actual strategic preference. It is an interaction in the category of expansibility and circumvention under the action of the above factors. The final strategic preference is a balance of the four strategic orientations in the interaction. In this equilibrium point, these four strategies affect the actual strategic behavior of the United States in interaction, but in a common but differentiated way. This paper mainly starts with the American strategic cultural characteristics and the factors that influence the influence of the American strategic cultural characteristics on the actual strategic preference choice, and makes a balanced study on the duality of American strategic culture. Then, the paper examines and distinguishes the core concept of American strategy, and the consistency and difference between it and the actual strategic preference, in order to better understand the strategic behavior of the United States.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D771.2

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