欧洲民族主义与欧洲一体化

发布时间：2018-11-01 21:13

【摘要】：本文以欧洲民族主义与欧洲一体化关系为研究对象,着重分析了欧洲民族主义对欧洲一体化及欧洲一体化对欧洲民族主义相互影响的原因与途径。主要讨论了三个问题：第一,什么是欧洲民族主义?第二,欧洲民族主义怎样影响欧洲一体化及欧洲一体化对欧洲民族主义有哪些影响?第三,欧洲民族主义的未来发展趋势及其影响下的欧洲一体化未来走向如何? 首先,通过对欧洲民族主义产生和发展的分析,确定了什么是欧洲民族主义,探讨了影响欧洲民族主义的两个关键因素：民族认同与民族利益优化观念。其次,介绍了欧洲一体化的启动原因之一是欧洲民族主义不断变化与发展造成的。欧洲民族主义兴起导致欧洲民族国家的竞争和冲突,欧洲民族主义向极端方向发展,给欧洲社会的发展带来了不利影响,从而使得欧洲人不得不思考欧洲如何实现和平问题,促进了和平的泛欧思想产生、丰富和发展,为欧洲一体化的启动提供了思想基础。二战后,在欧洲极端民族主义不断弱化且民族主义朝进步方向不断发展的影响下,欧洲一体化终得以启动。第三,阐明了战后欧洲国家民族主义成为欧洲社会的主要观念,并由于国家民族主义对欧洲一体化的积极作用越来越突出,使得刚起步的一体化能够向前迈出更大的步伐。但是,由于国家民族主义中“原生性”特征仍然存在,使得欧洲一体化进程中会出现狭隘民族主义的不利影响,从而阻碍欧洲一体化的发展。解决狭隘民族主义问题便成为欧洲一体化进程的重要任务。不过,从某种意义上说,欧洲一体化最终能继续向前发展正是狭隘民族主义问题得以解决的结果。第四,文章接着讨论了欧洲一体化对欧洲民族主义的影响。人们在谈到欧洲、共同体、欧盟等概念时,总是会把他们当着一个整体对象来理解,这是欧洲一体化进程使人们已经逐渐形成了整体观念的结果。在欧洲一体化进程中,影响欧洲民族主义关键因素中的民族认同会发生变化,即从原来的本民族或本国家认同扩展到欧洲认同层次；从影响欧洲民族主义的关键因素民族利益优化观念来说,由于一体化使得欧盟各成员国的利益着实得到了优化,于是合作观念不断增强,从而使得欧洲民族主义也发生变化,变化的方向是欧洲聚合性民族主义。最后,本文分析了欧洲民族主义发展趋势及对欧洲一体化前景的影响。由于欧洲聚合性民族主义发展呈强化趋势,决定了欧洲一体化总体上将不断向前推进。不过,在一体化不断深化和发展的同时,狭隘的国家民族主义仍将长期存在,从而决定了一体化注定不会是一帆风顺的。文章的结论是欧洲民族主义对欧洲一体化的启动、发展产生了巨大的影响,并最终决定着欧洲一体化的未来发展趋势。在欧洲国家民族主义不断向聚合性民族主义发展的同时,欧洲一体化也不断向前推进。
[Abstract]:Taking the relationship between European nationalism and European integration as the object of study, this paper focuses on the causes and approaches of the influence of European nationalism on European integration and European integration on European nationalism. First, what is European nationalism? Second, how does European nationalism affect European integration and what impact does European integration have on European nationalism? Third, what is the future development trend of European nationalism and the future trend of European integration under its influence? Firstly, through the analysis of the emergence and development of European nationalism, this paper determines what is European nationalism, and probes into two key factors that influence European nationalism: national identity and the idea of optimizing national interests. Secondly, it introduces that one of the reasons for the initiation of European integration is the constant change and development of European nationalism. The rise of European nationalism led to the competition and conflict of European nation-states, and the European nationalism developed in an extreme direction, which had a negative impact on the development of European society, so that Europeans had to think about how to achieve peace in Europe. It promotes the emergence, enrichment and development of peaceful pan-European ideas, and provides the ideological basis for the start of European integration. After World War II, European integration finally started under the influence of the weakening of extreme nationalism and the progressive trend of nationalism in Europe. Thirdly, it clarifies that the nationalism of European countries became the main idea of European society after the war, and because the positive effect of national nationalism on European integration is more and more prominent, the newly started integration can take a greater step forward. However, due to the existence of "original" characteristics in national nationalism, the negative influence of narrow nationalism will occur in the process of European integration, thus hindering the development of European integration. The resolution of narrow nationalism has become an important task in the process of European integration. In a sense, however, the eventual continuation of European integration is the result of the resolution of narrow nationalism. Fourth, the article then discusses the impact of European integration on European nationalism. When people talk about the concepts of Europe, Community and European Union, they are always understood as a whole, which is the result of the process of European integration which has gradually formed the concept of the whole. In the process of European integration, the national identity, which affects the key factors of European nationalism, will change, that is, from the original national or national identity to the European identity level; From the point of view of the key factor affecting European nationalism, the idea of optimizing national interests, because of the integration, the interests of the member states of the European Union have really been optimized, so the concept of cooperation has been constantly strengthened, thus making the European nationalism also change. The direction of change is Europe's polymeric nationalism. Finally, this paper analyzes the trend of European nationalism and its influence on the prospect of European integration. Because of the strengthening trend of European polymeric nationalism, European integration will continue to move forward on the whole. However, while the integration continues to deepen and develop, narrow national nationalism will still exist for a long time, which determines that integration is not destined to be smooth sailing. The conclusion is that European nationalism has a great influence on the development of European integration and ultimately determines the future development trend of European integration. With the development of nationalism from European countries to convergent nationalism, European integration is also advancing.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D75

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