当代俄罗斯作家记忆中的苏联解体——俄罗斯作家访谈录综述

发布时间：2018-11-21 08:48

【摘要】：苏联解体至今已有二十余年。二十余年来,俄罗斯国内外学者、知识分子乃至平民百姓,对这一历史事件以及苏维埃体制始终存在各种说辞。苏联解体之初,人们的说辞未免极端化、主观化甚至情绪化。如今的俄罗斯人如何看待这一重大历史事件?如何反思苏联解体之前的改革?如何解释苏联解体的原因?通过笔者对当代俄罗斯作家们的访谈不难看出,如今的俄罗斯知识分子群体总体上平静地接受了这一历史事实,理智地看待戈尔巴乔夫改革以及戈尔巴乔夫本人。对思想相对自由一些的作家来说,改革是大势所趋,苏联解体是历史的必然,符合社会发展和人性的需求,戈尔巴乔夫本人也完成了他的历史使命。而对思想相对保守一些的作家来说,尽管他们都曾欢迎戈尔巴乔夫改革,但改革的结果令他们失望,苏联解体这一事实令他们惋惜。不过,受访的作家中几乎没有一位希望回到苏维埃时代或恢复苏维埃体制。
[Abstract]:It has been more than 20 years since the collapse of the Soviet Union. For more than 20 years, scholars, intellectuals and even ordinary people in Russia and at home and abroad have all sorts of arguments about this historical event and the Soviet system. At the beginning of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, people's rhetoric was extreme, subjective and even emotional. What do Russians think of this momentous historical event today? How to reflect on the reforms before the disintegration of the Soviet Union? How to explain the disintegration of the Soviet Union? Through the author's interview with contemporary Russian writers, it is not difficult to see that today's Russian intellectuals have generally accepted this historical fact calmly, and rationally viewed Gorbachev's reform and Gorbachev himself. For writers with relatively free thinking, reform is the trend of the times, the disintegration of the Soviet Union is a historical necessity, in line with the needs of social development and human nature, Gorbachev himself completed his historical mission. For more conservative writers, though they all welcomed Gorbachev's reforms, the result was disappointing, and they lamented the collapse of the Soviet Union. But few of the writers interviewed wanted to go back to the Soviet era or restore the Soviet system.
【作者单位】：复旦大学外文学院俄语系;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“后苏联小说的苏维埃历史叙事研究”(项目批准号:12CWW018)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D751.2

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