金诺克与工党重建（1983—1992年）

发布时间：2018-11-24 12:05

【摘要】：1979—1983年是英国工党历史上最为动荡不安、风云变幻的时期之一。在工党深陷意识形态、组织和选举三重危机的生死关头，金诺克1983年10月出任工党领袖，担当起复兴工党的历史重任。金诺克首先致力于工党的组织改革和现代化建设。他力排改革阻力，建立中左联盟。在此基础上，通过渐进改革，恢复党内高层的控制权、扩大党内民主并调整工党与工会关系，由此，使工党从一个领袖无权威、党内无民主、宗派林立、内讧不已的党，转变为一个富有凝聚力、战斗力，组织生活各方面运转有序的党。这是工党实现振兴的关键一步。对工党政策的反省与调整构成了金诺克重建工党的另一重要内容。工党由盛而衰，很大一个原因在于其传统理论、政策不能适应英国社会变化了的新现实，不为中间阶层选民所接受。金诺克对所有制政策、市场政策、宏观经济政策、福利政策、欧洲政策等进行了全面的反省与调整，摒弃过时的纲领政策，致力于构建既顺应时代发展要求，又为英国主流选民所认同的新的理论、政策，一定程度上增加了选民对工党的信任度。身为工党领袖，金诺克为工党的重新崛起做出了重要贡献，他在工党历史上的特殊地位和作用是毋庸置疑的。当然，在工党前所未有的困境和时代的严峻挑战面前，，金诺克的重建工作也注定了会存在种种局限。这也决定了在工党历史上，金诺克既是一个承上启下的杰出人物，又是一个过渡性人物。一定意义上说，没有金诺克在1983-1992年重建工党的努力，便没有布莱尔1997年大选的压倒性胜利，也没有“第三条道路”理论的出台。最后，笔者对金诺克推动的工党改革重建所具有的启示意义进行了思考，认为，一个政党要发展壮大，就必须顺应时势需要进行改革，必须努力扩大政党的社会基础，同时，在意识形态领域，应根据时势的变化超越“左”与“右”的束缚。
[Abstract]:1979-1983 was one of the most turbulent and volatile periods in the history of the British Labour Party. In October 1983, Kinnock took over the historic task of reviving the Labor Party at a critical juncture of ideology, organization and election. Kinnock was the first to devote himself to the organizational reform and modernization of the Labour Party. He set up a middle-left alliance with resistance to reform. On this basis, through gradual reform, the upper levels of the party will be restored to control, democracy within the party will be expanded, and relations between the Labor Party and the trade unions will be adjusted. Thus, the Labour Party will be transformed from a party with no authority, no democracy within the party, various sectarian groups, and infighting among itself. Transformed into a cohesive force, combat effectiveness, organized life in all aspects of the orderly operation of the party. This is a crucial step in reviving Labour. The introspection and adjustment of the Labour Party's policy constitute another important part of Kinnock's reconstruction of the Labor Party. Labour's rise and decline was largely due to its traditional theory that policies could not adapt to the new realities of British society and were not accepted by middle-class voters. Kinnock made a comprehensive introspection and adjustment of ownership policy, market policy, macroeconomic policy, welfare policy, European policy, etc. The new theories and policies agreed by the mainstream British voters increased their confidence in the Labour Party to some extent. As the leader of the Labor Party, Kinnock has made important contributions to the re-emergence of the Labor Party, and his special position and role in the history of the Labor Party is beyond doubt. Of course, in the face of Labour's unprecedented predicament and the severe challenges of the times, Kinnock's reconstruction is bound to be limited. This also determines that in the history of the Labour Party, Kinnock is both an outstanding man of the past and a transitional figure. In a sense, without Kinnock's efforts to rebuild the Labour Party in 1983-1992, there would be no overwhelming victory in Blair's 1997 general election and no "third way" theory. Finally, the author thinks about the enlightening significance of the reform and reconstruction of the Labour Party promoted by Kinnock, and thinks that if a political party wants to develop and grow, it must carry out reform in accordance with the needs of the times, must strive to expand the social foundation of the party, and at the same time, In the field of ideology, we should transcend the shackles of "left" and "right" according to the changes of the times.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D756.1

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