利比亚政治中的部落因素

发布时间：2018-11-27 19:03

【摘要】：本文论述的是利比亚政治进程各时期的部落因素。利比亚领土上最初的土著民以部落为生存单位。地广人稀的地势条件、恶劣的自然环境、异族统治经历以及阿拉伯人的强势侵入使得部落社会结构在利比亚最终确立。此后,部落因素贯穿利比亚政治进程中的各个阶段,二者相互影响、相互作用。利比亚独立前曾先后处于多个异族的统治下。在沦为殖民地前,利比亚三地大部分时间内处于不同异族的统治下,且多为摄政统治,三地间及各自部落间都缺乏联系,自成一体,部落民众多处于分散的自由生活状态。意大利殖民统治时期,殖民者对利比亚不同地区、不同部落分而治之,以维持殖民统治并实现统治利益,客观上强化了利比亚民众的部落意识。独立后,利比亚各地区和部落依旧缺乏统一国家归属感。伊德里斯王朝时期,利比亚实现了伊斯兰国家的初步建构,但由于统治者的消极无能,未能改变部落意识大于统一国家意识的状况。卡扎菲统治时期内经历了对部落态度的转变。统治前期,他希望加强国家的统一意识,淡化部落意识,采取激进的革命民族主义治理国家,摒弃落后的“部落等级制”。当理想破灭,他回归部落统治,实行偏颇的部落政策,引发民怨,客观上强化了利比亚强社会弱国家的状况。爆发于2011年的利比亚战争使卡扎菲在维持了对利比亚42年的稳定统治后战败人亡。部落因素既是利比亚战争爆发的深层次原因,也对战争进程产生影响。战后,原来的强人霸权、高压统治瓦解,整个社会高度碎片化。部落矛盾尖锐,冲突不断,安全局势急剧恶化。当前及未来相当长的时期内,国家面临恢复经济、重构政权、稳定社会和组建正规军队等方面的艰巨任务。正确对待部落因素,加强统一国家意识的培植将在利比亚未来发展中起到基础性作用。本文除绪论和结语外共分六章。第一章是对利比亚部落概况的论述,包括利比亚部落的起源与现状、结构与运行机制,以及谱系划分与部落特性。第二章是利比亚独立前的部落发展,论述了异族统治下的利比亚部落状态及前者对后者的影响。第三章的主要内容是利比亚王朝时期伊德里斯国王消极统治下的部落关系。第四章是卡扎菲统治方式转变中的部落因素。部落因素既是卡扎菲统治方式转变的原因,也是其统治后期的依赖因素。第五章讨论了部落因素在利比亚战争中的作用,以及过渡政府统治中面临的部落挑战和实施的部落举措。第六章分析了部落因素在利比亚未来发展各方面中的作用。可以说,部落因素贯穿利比亚历史进程始终,对国家政治、经济、社会、军事及外交等各方面的发展都有重要影响。民众根深蒂固的部落意识使得利比亚始终处于强社会弱国家的状态,既不利于国家各方面的发展,也成为外来入侵者可资利用的因素。未来,利比亚民众的部落身份将继续保有,但部落因素在国家发展中的作用将被弱化。增强统一国家归属感,方可举全国之力建设新国家。本文首次揭示了利比亚部落的起源、结构、现状等基本情况,填补了国内学术界对利比亚部落了解的空白；并首次从政治发展的视角研究利比亚部落这一社会现象,这既与利比亚的实际情况相吻合,也有助于对利比亚部落问题研究的客观和深入。
[Abstract]:This paper deals with the tribal factors of the political process in Libya. The first indigenous people in the Libyan territory were in the tribe's survival unit. The terrain condition of the land, the harsh natural environment, the experience of the alien domination and the strong invasion of the Arabs made the social structure of the Ministry finally established in Libya. After that, the tribal factors cross the various stages of the political process in Libya, which interact and interact with each other. Libya was in a number of alien domination before independence. in that most part of Libya, under the rule of a different group, and in the majority of the time before it became a colony, there was a lack of contact between the three local and the respective tribes, and the whole of the tribe was in the form of a scattered, free-form life. In the period of Italian colonial rule, the colonists treated the different parts of Libya and the different tribes, so as to maintain the colonial rule and realize the rule of the rule, and objectively strengthen the tribal meaning of the Libyan people. Identification. After independence, the various parts of the country and the tribes still lack a unified state. The sense of belonging. In the period of the Idriss dynasty, Libya realized the initial construction of the Islamic State, but because of the negative incompetence of the ruler, it was not possible to change the tribal consciousness to be greater than the unity of the national consciousness. The state of the gaddafi's reign. At the early stage of the rule, he wanted to strengthen the national unity of consciousness, to downplay the tribal consciousness, to take the radical revolutionary nationalism to control the country, to abandon the backward "trunk" "tribal hierrchy" . When the ideal is broken, he returns to the tribal rule, carries out the biased tribal policy, and causes the people's grievances, and objectively strengthens the weak state of Libya's strong society." The situation. The outbreak of the Libyan war in 2011 led to the maintenance of the 42-year-old ruling in Libya. The post-defeated people are dead. The tribal factors are not only the deep-seated causes of the war in Libya, but also the war. The influence of the process. After the war, the former strong man's hegemony, the collapse of the high-pressure rule, the whole society Highly fragmented. The tribal conflicts are acute, the conflict continues, and the Security Agency In the current and future period, the state faces the recovery of the economy, the reconstruction of the regime, the stabilization of the society and the formation of regular military forces. The arduous task of the right treatment of the tribal factors and the strengthening of the cultivation of the national consciousness will play a role in the future development of Libya The basic function. In addition to the introduction and the introduction The first chapter is the discussion of the situation of the Libyan tribe, including the origin and present situation, structure and operation mechanism of the Libyan tribe, and the genealogy. The second chapter is the tribal development before the independence of Libya, and discusses the status of the Libyan tribes under the alien domination and the former The influence of the latter on the latter. The main content of the third chapter is the negative series of the King of Idris in the period of the Libyan dynasty. The tribal relation under treatment. The fourth chapter is the rule of Qadhafi's rule. The tribal factor in the change. The tribal factor is not only the cause of the change of Qadhafi's rule, but also its rule. The second chapter discusses the role of tribal factors in the war of Libya and the tribal challenges facing the transitional government. The tribal initiatives implemented. Chapter VI analyses the development of tribal factors in the future of Libya The role in all its aspects can be said to be that the tribal elements throughout the process of the Libyan history have always taken place in all aspects of the political, economic, social, military and diplomatic aspects of the country The development of the people has an important influence. The deep-rooted tribal consciousness of the people makes Libya always in the state of the weak state of the strong society, which is not only for the development of all aspects of the country, but also into the foreign countries. In the future, the tribal identity of the Libyan people will continue, but tribal factors are in the country. The role of the exhibition will be weakened. The first time this paper reveals the origin, structure and present situation of the Libyan tribe, and fills the gap in the understanding of the Libyan tribes in the academic circles of the country, and studies the social phenomenon of the Libyan tribe for the first time from the perspective of political development. The actual situation in Libya is in good agreement with the Libyan Ministry
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D741.3

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