越南革新开放以来政治文明建设研究
发布时间：2018-12-13 16:24
【摘要】：20世纪80年代末90年代初的苏东剧变,给社会主义的理论与实践带来了巨大的冲击。苏联解体说明以政治体制上高度集权、经济体制高度计划为特征的斯大林模式的失败,其他社会主义国家对此进行了深刻反思,并进行了一系列的政治、经济和社会改革。越南作为中国的重要邻邦,也是当今世界上五个共产党执政的社会主义国家之一,越南革新开放25年以来,在社会主义政治文明建设的理论和实践方面与时俱进、勇于创新,对社会主义理论认识突破较大、实践政治革新的步伐迈得较快,展现了较强的活力。如国会代表实行差额直接选举；国会实行质询制度,问政能力日益增强；国家领导权实行适度分权、均衡配置,避免权力的过分集中；实行党的中央委员会委员和总书记等重要领导职务差额选举；中央委员会实行质询制度,对中央政治局和书记处进行监督等等。 本文运用政治文明的理论框架,从政治文化文明、政治制度文明、政治行为文明这三方面分析研究越南的政治文明建设的经验和启示。文章主体部分的内容如下： 第一,越南革新开放以来政治文明建设的历史背景和进程。首先,梳理越南政治文明建设启动之前的国内内政外交政策失误,国际上失去苏联外援等历史背景。其次,越南政治文明建设的历史进程,本文以几个重要历史事件将其划分两大阶段：1.越共六大到八大,越南政治体制改革的启动和发展(1986年——2000年),其中越共六大宣布实行革新开放,标志越南政治体制改革的正式启动；1992年越南国会修改宪法,国会代表由等额间接选举改为差额直接选举,越南政治体制改革迈出重要一步。2.越共九大至十一大,越南政治体制改革的加速和深化(2001年—2011年),其中越共九大扩大党内民主,进一步深化政治体制改革；越共十大差额选举越共中央总书记,政治体制改革加速前行。 第二,越南革新开放以来政治文明建设的经验。首先,从高度重视马克思主义理论的研究与创新、注重道德模范示范意义、培养公民文化这几个方面总结其政治文化文明的经验。其次,从选举制度、政党制度、行政制度和监督制度等方面归纳其政治制度文明建设经验。最后,从政治决策、政治管理、政治参与三个方面概括其政治行为文明建设经验。 第三,越南革新开放以来政治文明建设的启示。通过研究和分析越南政治文明建设的经验,本文归纳出有益于中国社会主义政治文明建设的几点启示：高度重视马克思主义理论的研究与创新；改革人大代表的选举办法,建立健全人大的监督制度；党内民主建设的关键在于构建和完善党内民主机制；保障公民积极有序的政治参与,完善利益表达渠道；立法建制,通过制度预防和治理腐败。
[Abstract]:The drastic changes in the Soviet Union and East Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s brought great impact to the theory and practice of socialism. The disintegration of the Soviet Union showed the failure of Stalin's model characterized by a highly centralized political system and a highly planned economic system. Other socialist countries deeply reflected on this and carried out a series of political, economic and social reforms. Vietnam, as an important neighbor of China, is also one of the five socialist countries in the world where the Communist Party is in power. Since its reform and opening up 25 years ago, Vietnam has kept pace with the times in the theory and practice of the construction of socialist political civilization and has the courage to innovate. Great breakthrough in the understanding of socialist theory, rapid pace of practical political innovation, showing a strong vitality. For example, the direct election of deputies to the National Assembly, the introduction of a system of inquiry in the National Assembly, the increasing ability to ask questions, the moderate separation of powers and the balanced allocation of national leadership, and the avoidance of excessive concentration of power; The CPC Central Committee shall elect members of the CPC Central Committee and other important leading posts, and the Central Committee shall conduct a system of inquiry and supervision over the political Bureau and the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, and so on. Using the theoretical framework of political civilization, this paper analyzes the experience and enlightenment of the construction of political civilization in Vietnam from three aspects: political cultural civilization, political system civilization and political behavior civilization. The main contents are as follows: first, the historical background and process of political civilization construction since Vietnam's reform and opening. First of all, combing Vietnam's political civilization before the start of domestic internal and foreign policy mistakes, the international loss of Soviet Union foreign aid and other historical background. Secondly, the historical process of Vietnam's political civilization construction is divided into two stages by several important historical events: 1. The initiation and development of the political system reform of Vietnam (1986-2000), in which the sixth Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam announced the implementation of innovation and opening, marking the official start of the reform of the political system of Vietnam; Vietnam's political system reform took an important step forward in 1992 when Vietnam's parliament amended its constitution and changed the number of deputies from equal indirect elections to direct elections. From the Ninth Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam to the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the reform of the political system in Vietnam accelerated and deepened (2001-2011), in which the Ninth Congress of the CPV expanded inner-party democracy and further deepened the reform of the political system; The top ten of the CPV elected General Secretary of the CPV Central Committee and accelerated the reform of the political system. Second, Vietnam's experience in building political civilization since the reform and opening up. First of all, we should attach great importance to the research and innovation of Marxist theory, pay attention to the demonstration meaning of moral model, and sum up the experience of political and cultural civilization from the following aspects: cultivating citizen culture. Secondly, from the election system, the political party system, the administrative system and the supervision system and so on, summarizes its political system civilization construction experience. Finally, the experience of political behavior civilization construction is summarized from three aspects: political decision-making, political management and political participation. Thirdly, the enlightenment of the construction of political civilization since Vietnam's reform and opening up. By studying and analyzing the experience of political civilization construction in Vietnam, this paper sums up some enlightenments beneficial to the construction of Chinese socialist political civilization: attaching great importance to the research and innovation of Marxist theory; Reform the election method of the deputies to the people's Congress, establish and perfect the supervision system of the people's Congress, construct and perfect the democratic mechanism within the party, guarantee the citizens' active and orderly political participation, perfect the channel of interest expression; Legislative system, through the system to prevent and control corruption.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D733.3
本文编号：2376838
[Abstract]:The drastic changes in the Soviet Union and East Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s brought great impact to the theory and practice of socialism. The disintegration of the Soviet Union showed the failure of Stalin's model characterized by a highly centralized political system and a highly planned economic system. Other socialist countries deeply reflected on this and carried out a series of political, economic and social reforms. Vietnam, as an important neighbor of China, is also one of the five socialist countries in the world where the Communist Party is in power. Since its reform and opening up 25 years ago, Vietnam has kept pace with the times in the theory and practice of the construction of socialist political civilization and has the courage to innovate. Great breakthrough in the understanding of socialist theory, rapid pace of practical political innovation, showing a strong vitality. For example, the direct election of deputies to the National Assembly, the introduction of a system of inquiry in the National Assembly, the increasing ability to ask questions, the moderate separation of powers and the balanced allocation of national leadership, and the avoidance of excessive concentration of power; The CPC Central Committee shall elect members of the CPC Central Committee and other important leading posts, and the Central Committee shall conduct a system of inquiry and supervision over the political Bureau and the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, and so on. Using the theoretical framework of political civilization, this paper analyzes the experience and enlightenment of the construction of political civilization in Vietnam from three aspects: political cultural civilization, political system civilization and political behavior civilization. The main contents are as follows: first, the historical background and process of political civilization construction since Vietnam's reform and opening. First of all, combing Vietnam's political civilization before the start of domestic internal and foreign policy mistakes, the international loss of Soviet Union foreign aid and other historical background. Secondly, the historical process of Vietnam's political civilization construction is divided into two stages by several important historical events: 1. The initiation and development of the political system reform of Vietnam (1986-2000), in which the sixth Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam announced the implementation of innovation and opening, marking the official start of the reform of the political system of Vietnam; Vietnam's political system reform took an important step forward in 1992 when Vietnam's parliament amended its constitution and changed the number of deputies from equal indirect elections to direct elections. From the Ninth Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam to the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the reform of the political system in Vietnam accelerated and deepened (2001-2011), in which the Ninth Congress of the CPV expanded inner-party democracy and further deepened the reform of the political system; The top ten of the CPV elected General Secretary of the CPV Central Committee and accelerated the reform of the political system. Second, Vietnam's experience in building political civilization since the reform and opening up. First of all, we should attach great importance to the research and innovation of Marxist theory, pay attention to the demonstration meaning of moral model, and sum up the experience of political and cultural civilization from the following aspects: cultivating citizen culture. Secondly, from the election system, the political party system, the administrative system and the supervision system and so on, summarizes its political system civilization construction experience. Finally, the experience of political behavior civilization construction is summarized from three aspects: political decision-making, political management and political participation. Thirdly, the enlightenment of the construction of political civilization since Vietnam's reform and opening up. By studying and analyzing the experience of political civilization construction in Vietnam, this paper sums up some enlightenments beneficial to the construction of Chinese socialist political civilization: attaching great importance to the research and innovation of Marxist theory; Reform the election method of the deputies to the people's Congress, establish and perfect the supervision system of the people's Congress, construct and perfect the democratic mechanism within the party, guarantee the citizens' active and orderly political participation, perfect the channel of interest expression; Legislative system, through the system to prevent and control corruption.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D733.3
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