1980年代后美国的非法移民问题及其法律控制
发布时间：2018-12-14 14:17
【摘要】： 美国历史上,非法移民可以追溯到1924年。1980年代以后,非法移民激增,成为美国社会关注的焦点。其中,非法移民主要来自墨西哥,分布于美国多个地方。全球经济发展不平衡、偷运移民存在巨额利润以及合法移民渠道不畅通等是该问题产生的全球原因。美国边境的管理漏洞、美国对廉价劳动力的需求等形成了吸引非法移民的“拉力”,非法移民迁出国与美国的种种差异形成了促动非法移民的“推力”。另外,非法移民还受到经济因素的驱使、移民网络的推动及认识上误区的影响。美国的非法移民问题愈演愈烈,除了自身的生命和财产安全面临危害外,也给美国和非法移民迁出国带去了越来越多的问题,对国际社会与国家间关系提出了越来越严峻的挑战。1980年代后,针对非法移民问题,美国先后出台了若干专门法案,其中《1986年移民改革与控制法》、187法案和《1996年非法移民改革及移民责任法》三个最具代表性。但是,受错综复杂的出台背景、相互交织的各方利益等因素的制约,以上三个法案的实际效用有限。因此,1980年代后美国对非法移民问题的法律控制只具有短期有效性,没能形成长效控制机制。
[Abstract]:In American history, illegal immigration dates back to 1924. After the 1980s, illegal immigrants proliferated and became the focus of American society. Among them, illegal immigrants mainly from Mexico, distributed in many places in the United States. The global economic imbalance, the huge profits of smuggling of migrants and the lack of legal immigration channels are the global causes of this problem. The loopholes in American border management and the demand for cheap labor in the United States have formed the "pull force" to attract illegal immigrants, and the differences between the countries that emigrate illegally and those in the United States have formed the "thrust" of promoting illegal immigrants. In addition, illegal immigrants are also driven by economic factors, the promotion of migration network and the impact of misunderstanding. The problem of illegal immigrants in the United States is getting worse and worse. In addition to endangering the safety of their own lives and property, it has also brought more and more problems to the United States and the countries that emigrate illegally. Since the 1980s, the United States has introduced a number of special acts, including the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, in response to the problem of illegal immigration. Act 187 and the illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration liability Act 1996 are the three most representative. However, due to the complicated background and the intertwined interests of all parties, the practical effectiveness of the above three acts is limited. Therefore, after 1980's, the legal control of illegal immigration in the United States was only effective in the short term, and failed to form a long-term control mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D771.2
[Abstract]:In American history, illegal immigration dates back to 1924. After the 1980s, illegal immigrants proliferated and became the focus of American society. Among them, illegal immigrants mainly from Mexico, distributed in many places in the United States. The global economic imbalance, the huge profits of smuggling of migrants and the lack of legal immigration channels are the global causes of this problem. The loopholes in American border management and the demand for cheap labor in the United States have formed the "pull force" to attract illegal immigrants, and the differences between the countries that emigrate illegally and those in the United States have formed the "thrust" of promoting illegal immigrants. In addition, illegal immigrants are also driven by economic factors, the promotion of migration network and the impact of misunderstanding. The problem of illegal immigrants in the United States is getting worse and worse. In addition to endangering the safety of their own lives and property, it has also brought more and more problems to the United States and the countries that emigrate illegally. Since the 1980s, the United States has introduced a number of special acts, including the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, in response to the problem of illegal immigration. Act 187 and the illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration liability Act 1996 are the three most representative. However, due to the complicated background and the intertwined interests of all parties, the practical effectiveness of the above three acts is limited. Therefore, after 1980's, the legal control of illegal immigration in the United States was only effective in the short term, and failed to form a long-term control mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D771.2
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