从熔炉到战场:美国政党重组中的族裔角色

发布时间：2018-12-20 16:36

【摘要】：特朗普当选美国下任总统有着深远的政治学意义,它暗示了美国政治文化转型和美国政党重组的深刻发展。作为美国政治文化当代转型的重要组成要素,美国政党重组很大程度上源于短期的美国经济困难和中长期的美国人口结构变化。族裔移民是推动美国人口结构变化的根本力量,进而族裔问题成为理解美国政党重组的重要因素。结合自冷战结束以来的美国政治变化,族裔因素从三个方面推动了美国政党重组:一是以族裔群体划界,加剧了美国既有的政治极化;二是通过回流聚居,催生了新的选举人口地理;三是突破传统"政治正确",加速了"边界战争"的发展。可以认为,尽管族裔因素并非推动美国政党重组的根本力量,但族裔因素的确在美国政党重组从"文化战争"向"边界战争"发展过程中发挥了催化剂作用,美国正从族裔"熔炉"向族裔"战场"演变。
[Abstract]:Trump's election as the next president of the United States has profound political significance, which implies the profound development of the transformation of American political culture and the reorganization of political parties in the United States. As an important component of the contemporary transformation of American political culture, the reorganization of political parties in the United States is largely due to the short-term economic difficulties and the long-term demographic changes in the United States. Ethnic immigration is the fundamental force to promote the demographic change in the United States, and then ethnic issues have become an important factor in understanding the reorganization of political parties in the United States. In combination with the political changes in the United States since the end of the Cold War, ethnic factors have promoted the reorganization of political parties in the United States in three aspects: first, the demarcation of ethnic groups has aggravated the existing political polarization in the United States; Second, through the return to live together, the birth of a new electoral population geography; third, break through the traditional "political correctness", accelerated the development of "border war." It can be argued that, although ethnic factors are not the fundamental force to promote the reorganization of political parties in the United States, ethnic factors have indeed played a catalytic role in the process of political party reorganization in the United States from "cultural war" to "border war". America is moving from an ethnic melting pot to an ethnic battlefield.
【作者单位】：复旦大学美国研究中心;
【基金】：笔者承担的2016年度上海市社科规划一般项目“美国重建制度能力的战略和政策及我应对方略研究”(项目号:2016BGJ003)的中期成果
【分类号】：D771.2

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