阿尔及利亚政治危机研究
发布时间：2019-01-30 18:36
【摘要】： 阿尔及利亚摆脱法国殖民统治以后,进入了独立探索本国发展道路的时期。布迈丁执政以后,国家稳定发展,在政治、经济等各领域取得了很大的成就,并赢得了国际上广泛的赞誉。沙德利担任总统后,阿尔及利亚政治领域开始出现新的变化,各种社会力量开始兴起,进而挑战国家的权威,到20世纪80年代末期演变为一场政治危机。 本文从宏观的历史视角出发,着力探讨了阿尔及利亚国家、社会以及二者的互动关系对其政治危机发生、发展的影响,进而分析了政治危机发生的基本原理及其实质,以期能对认识和研究中东国家政治发展提供必要的个案参考。同时,本文在马克思主义历史学原理的指导下,以阿尔及利亚社会经济发展为背景,分析了对政治发展产生影响的各要素演变及其内在联系,并应用了政治学、社会学等相关理论和方法进一步加深对政治危机的剖析。 绪论部分首先对政治危机做了概念上的界定,分析了政治危机的发生原理,为阿尔及利亚政治危机的研究设定基本的理论框架。介绍了阿尔及利亚历史发展概况以及政治发展的总体特点。进而论述了独立后阿尔及利亚社会发展及其政治困境。 第一章：主要论述了在宏观的社会经济背景下,各种社会力量的分化引发危机四伏的政治,具体表现为,独立后政治精英的分化与衰落,伊斯兰运动的萌发与演变,青年人在时代错位中的痛苦与彷徨,柏柏尔人为寻求民族认同所进行的斗争与努力。在论述各种社会力量分化的同时,也分析了各种力量分化过程中的相互作用与影响。 第二章：随着阿尔及利亚经济形势的恶化,各种社会力量开始表达对国家失败政策的不满,并以暴力互动的形式表达出来。沙德利希望通过政治民主化来摆脱危机,结果却导致政治陷入混乱。在各种社会力量参与的多党选举中,伊斯兰拯救阵线即将大获全胜。为了维护原有的政治体系,军队发动政变阻止了伊阵的胜利。 第三章：军人政变后,开始国家秩序的重建。为了走出政治危机,阿尔及利亚同时进行了2条途径的努力：(1)暴力途径。国家试图通过暴力平抑各种社会力量的不满,而伊斯兰武装试图通过暴力建立新的政治秩序。(2)和解途径。在暴力互动的同时,国家与各种社会力量也进行接触,探讨和平解决政治危机的可能。泽鲁阿勒通过有计划地实施总统选举、制定新宪法和举行地方议会选举,开始了政治制度化的努力,为阿尔及利亚的政治发展重新注入活力。 结论部分探讨了阿尔及利亚政治危机的社会经济、政治和宗教文化根源。探讨了政治民主化与政治危机的辩证关系,并指出民主缺失是政治危机的原因之一,但非全部。最后,阿尔及利亚初步摆脱政治危机,但仍面临着一系列的政治难题,政治发展之路任重道远。
[Abstract]:After Algeria got rid of the French colonial rule, it entered a period of independent exploration of the development of its own country. After Bumeidin came into power, the country developed steadily, made great achievements in politics, economy and other fields, and won international acclaim. After Chedly became president, new changes began to appear in the political field of Algeria, and various social forces began to rise, which challenged the authority of the state, and turned into a political crisis in the late 1980s. From a macroscopic historical perspective, this paper probes into the influence of the Algerian state, society and the interaction between them on the occurrence and development of the political crisis, and then analyzes the basic principle and essence of the political crisis. In order to understand and study the political development of the Middle East countries to provide the necessary case reference. At the same time, under the guidance of Marxist theory of history, this paper, based on the social and economic development of Algeria, analyzes the evolution and internal relations of the elements that affect the political development, and applies political science. Sociology and other relevant theories and methods further deepen the analysis of political crisis. The first part of the introduction defines the political crisis conceptually, analyzes the occurrence principle of the political crisis, and sets a basic theoretical framework for the study of the political crisis in Algeria. This paper introduces the general situation of Algeria's historical development and the general characteristics of its political development. Then it discusses the social development and political dilemma of Algeria after independence. The first chapter mainly discusses the political crisis caused by the differentiation of various social forces under the macroeconomic background, which is manifested in the differentiation and decline of the political elite after independence, the germination and evolution of the Islamic movement. Young people's pain and loss in the mismatch of the times, Berber's struggle and efforts to seek national identity. At the same time, it also analyzes the interaction and influence in the process of power differentiation. Chapter II: with the deterioration of the Algerian economic situation, various social forces began to express their dissatisfaction with the failed policy of the state and express it in the form of violent interaction. Chedly hopes to get rid of the crisis through political democratization, but the result is political chaos. The Islamic Salvation Front is on the verge of a total victory in multiparty elections involving various social forces. To preserve the old political system, the army staged a coup to prevent the victory of the Iraqi Front. The third chapter: after the military coup, began the national order reconstruction. In order to emerge from the political crisis, Algeria simultaneously worked on two ways: (1) the path of violence. The state tried to calm the grievances of various social forces through violence, while the Islamic armed forces tried to establish a new political order by violence. (2) the path of reconciliation. At the same time of violent interaction, the state also engaged with various social forces to explore the possibility of a peaceful solution to the political crisis. Zeroual has begun efforts to institutionalize politics through the planned implementation of presidential elections, the drafting of a new constitution and the holding of local council elections, reinvigorating political development in Algeria. The conclusion discusses the social, economic, political and religious cultural roots of the Algerian political crisis. This paper probes into the dialectical relationship between political democratization and political crisis, and points out that the lack of democracy is one of the reasons for the political crisis, but not all. In the end, Algeria got rid of the political crisis, but still faced a series of political problems, political development has a long way to go.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D74
本文编号：2418391
[Abstract]:After Algeria got rid of the French colonial rule, it entered a period of independent exploration of the development of its own country. After Bumeidin came into power, the country developed steadily, made great achievements in politics, economy and other fields, and won international acclaim. After Chedly became president, new changes began to appear in the political field of Algeria, and various social forces began to rise, which challenged the authority of the state, and turned into a political crisis in the late 1980s. From a macroscopic historical perspective, this paper probes into the influence of the Algerian state, society and the interaction between them on the occurrence and development of the political crisis, and then analyzes the basic principle and essence of the political crisis. In order to understand and study the political development of the Middle East countries to provide the necessary case reference. At the same time, under the guidance of Marxist theory of history, this paper, based on the social and economic development of Algeria, analyzes the evolution and internal relations of the elements that affect the political development, and applies political science. Sociology and other relevant theories and methods further deepen the analysis of political crisis. The first part of the introduction defines the political crisis conceptually, analyzes the occurrence principle of the political crisis, and sets a basic theoretical framework for the study of the political crisis in Algeria. This paper introduces the general situation of Algeria's historical development and the general characteristics of its political development. Then it discusses the social development and political dilemma of Algeria after independence. The first chapter mainly discusses the political crisis caused by the differentiation of various social forces under the macroeconomic background, which is manifested in the differentiation and decline of the political elite after independence, the germination and evolution of the Islamic movement. Young people's pain and loss in the mismatch of the times, Berber's struggle and efforts to seek national identity. At the same time, it also analyzes the interaction and influence in the process of power differentiation. Chapter II: with the deterioration of the Algerian economic situation, various social forces began to express their dissatisfaction with the failed policy of the state and express it in the form of violent interaction. Chedly hopes to get rid of the crisis through political democratization, but the result is political chaos. The Islamic Salvation Front is on the verge of a total victory in multiparty elections involving various social forces. To preserve the old political system, the army staged a coup to prevent the victory of the Iraqi Front. The third chapter: after the military coup, began the national order reconstruction. In order to emerge from the political crisis, Algeria simultaneously worked on two ways: (1) the path of violence. The state tried to calm the grievances of various social forces through violence, while the Islamic armed forces tried to establish a new political order by violence. (2) the path of reconciliation. At the same time of violent interaction, the state also engaged with various social forces to explore the possibility of a peaceful solution to the political crisis. Zeroual has begun efforts to institutionalize politics through the planned implementation of presidential elections, the drafting of a new constitution and the holding of local council elections, reinvigorating political development in Algeria. The conclusion discusses the social, economic, political and religious cultural roots of the Algerian political crisis. This paper probes into the dialectical relationship between political democratization and political crisis, and points out that the lack of democracy is one of the reasons for the political crisis, but not all. In the end, Algeria got rid of the political crisis, but still faced a series of political problems, political development has a long way to go.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D74
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 杜云星;孙滨斌;何顺利;胡景宏;朱健;;阿尔及利亚油气工业投资环境分析[J];国际石油经济;2012年11期
相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 支晓兰;阿尔及利亚市民社会研究[D];西北大学;2013年
2 杨沁;冷战后阿尔及利亚政治发展研究[D];湘潭大学;2013年
3 黄明明;马格里布柏柏尔人研究[D];西北大学;2014年
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