关于日本安全政策变化的再认知——冷战后美国学界对日研究的厘析

发布时间：2019-05-29 00:29

【摘要】：冷战后,美国学界对日本安全政策是否发生质的变化展开了争论。20世纪90年代中期,社会建构主义学者对日本"反军国主义文化"的研究略占上风。他们指出,冷战后的日本安全政策在"反军国主义文化"的制约下不会发生质的变化。21世纪以来,新现实主义与制度自由主义的研究成为主流:前者认为,由于安全环境的变化,日本走向"正常化军事大国"的道路不可避免;后者指出,日本在安全态度上转向"国际主义",美国可以利用其在军事方面的主动性深化美日同盟关系。美国学界还着重从文化规范、公共舆论、选举体制、政党政治、政治体制等视角,探讨日本安全政策变化的根源。美国学界对日本安全政策变化的研究呈现路径多元、视角丰富等特点,但也存在陷入范式之争、忽视政治势力对公共舆论的逆向影响等诸多不足。总体而言,出于为自身战略利益服务的"实用主义"立场,并受缚于日本财力的支持,美国学界的研究缺乏全面的历史观,且受价值观的影响颇深。
[Abstract]:After the Cold War, the American academic circles began to debate whether there had been a qualitative change in Japan's security policy. In the mid-1990s, the study of Japan's "anti-militaristic culture" by social constructionists had the upper hand. They pointed out that Japan's security policy after the Cold War will not change qualitatively under the restriction of "anti-militaristic culture." since the 21st century, the study of neo-realism and institutional liberalism has become the mainstream: the former believes, Due to the change of security environment, Japan's road to "normalizing military power" is inevitable. The latter pointed out that Japan has turned to "internationalism" in its security attitude and that the United States can use its military initiative to deepen the alliance between the United States and Japan. American academic circles also focus on the root causes of Japanese security policy changes from the perspectives of cultural norms, public opinion, electoral system, party politics, political system and so on. The research on the change of Japanese security policy in American academic circles shows the characteristics of diverse paths and rich perspectives, but there are also many shortcomings, such as falling into the dispute of paradigm and neglecting the reverse influence of political forces on public opinion. Generally speaking, due to the "pragmatism" position of serving their own strategic interests and the support of Japanese financial resources, the research in American academic circles lacks a comprehensive view of history and is deeply influenced by values.
【作者单位】：中南财经政法大学;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大攻关项目“世界主要国家安全体制机制研究”(11JZD046)阶段性成果
【分类号】：D731.3

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