墨西哥革命制度党丧失执政地位的原因与思考

发布时间：2019-07-06 19:27

【摘要】： 二十世纪八十年代以来，，一些长期执政的老党大党先后下台，有的已经衰亡。在这些政党中，曾经创造“经济发展奇迹”和“政治稳定奇迹”，连续执政71年的墨西哥革命制度党的衰败显得尤为突出。认真分析革命制度党衰败、丧失执政地位的原因，加以借鉴，对长期执政的一些政党加强党的建设，提高党的执政能力具有一定的积极意义。本文主要研究墨西哥革命制度党逐渐衰败的原因，本文力图回答下面一些问题，革命制度党为什么能够长期执政?革命制度党为什么会逐渐衰败并在2000年大选中失败?以及这些能够给我们带来那些思考? 本文共分三部分。第一部分主要是分析革命制度党长期执政的原因。本文分析认为，革命制度党之所以能够长期执政主要是因为两方面的原因：一、革命制度党创建了符合本国国情的政治制度，这就是以职团结构、国家与革命制度党的特殊关系及高度集权的总统权力为主要特征的独特的墨西哥政治模式；二、革命制度党制定出了合理的社会与经济政策。革命制度党采取的是不同于自由市场经济和完全国有化经济的混合经济发展模式，促进了墨西哥经济的长期高速发展。第二部分则以革命制度党的衰败为主要内容。本文认为主要是三大原因导致了革命制度党的衰败。一、以选举制度为主要内容的政治改革使革命制度党逐渐丧失了原有的优势，改革使反对势力的发展限制越来越少，力量愈来愈强；二、由于经济形势的压力，革命制度党不得不进行经济改革，由于在改革中自由化趋向严重，又加上社会补救政策的不足，造成了一系列的社会问题，削弱了革命制度党的社会基础；三、革命制度党在长期执政中忽视了党的自身建设，党内弊端丛生，削弱了党的力量。此外，外国势力的干涉也是一大原因。第三部分，经过对革命制度党执政经验和衰败原因的分析，执政党可以从中得出这样的启示：执政党要想长期执政，就一定要不断的加强执政党自身的建设，增强自身的执政能力和领导水平；在发展上一定要制定出合理的社会政策和经济政策，坚持科学的发展观；一定要独立自主的选择和创建符合本国国情的政治制度，不断的进行体制创新；一定要最大限度的争取民众的支持，增强党的执政基础。
[Abstract]:Since the 1980 s, some long-ruling old party members have stepped down, some of which have fallen. Among these parties, the decline of the Mexican Revolutionary Institutional Party, which has been in power for 71 years, is particularly prominent among these parties, which have created "miracles of economic development" and "miracles of political stability." It is of certain positive significance for some long-term ruling parties to strengthen the construction of the Party and improve the ruling ability of the Party by carefully analyzing the reasons for the decline and loss of the ruling position of the Revolutionary system Party and drawing lessons from it. This paper mainly studies the reasons for the gradual decline of the Mexican Revolutionary Institutional Party. This paper tries to answer the following questions. Why can the Revolutionary Institutional Party be in power for a long time? Why did the Revolutionary system Party gradually decline and lose the 2000 general election? And what kind of thinking can this bring us? This paper is divided into three parts. The first part mainly analyzes the reasons why the Revolutionary system Party is in power for a long time. This paper analyzes that the Revolutionary Institutional Party is able to govern for a long time because of two reasons: first, the Revolutionary Institutional Party has established a political system in line with the national conditions of our country, which is a unique Mexican political model characterized by the structure of the regiment, the special relationship between the state and the Revolutionary Institutional Party and the highly centralized presidential power; second, the Revolutionary Institutional Party has formulated reasonable social and economic policies. The Revolutionary system Party has adopted a mixed economic development model which is different from the free market economy and the fully nationalized economy, which has promoted the long-term and rapid development of the Mexican economy. The second part takes the decline of the Revolutionary system Party as the main content. This paper argues that the three main reasons led to the decline of the Revolutionary system Party. First, the political reform with the electoral system as the main content makes the Revolutionary system Party gradually lose its original advantages, and the reform makes the development restrictions of the opposition forces less and the strength stronger and stronger. Second, due to the pressure of the economic situation, the Revolutionary system Party has to carry out economic reform. Due to the serious trend of liberalization in the reform, coupled with the lack of social remedy policy, it has caused a series of social problems and weakened the social foundation of the Revolutionary system Party. Third, the Revolutionary system Party has neglected the party's own building in the long term in power, and the party has many drawbacks and weakened the party's strength. In addition, the interference of foreign forces is also a major reason. In the third part, through the analysis of the ruling experience and the reasons for the decline of the Revolutionary system Party, the ruling party can draw such enlightenment: if the ruling party wants to be in power for a long time, it must constantly strengthen the construction of the ruling party itself, enhance its ruling ability and leadership level, formulate reasonable social and economic policies and adhere to the scientific concept of development. We must independently choose and create a political system in line with our national conditions, constantly carry out institutional innovation, and strive for the support of the people to the maximum extent and strengthen the ruling foundation of the Party.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D773.1

【相似文献】