《法德农民问题》中的农民利益思想研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 04:10

  本文关键词：《法德农民问题》中的农民利益思想研究　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 恩格斯 《法德农民问题》 农民利益

【摘要】：农民利益问题是马克思恩格斯毕生都予以高度关注的重大问题。恩格斯晚年所作的《法德农民问题》,包含着丰富的农民利益思想,是马克思主义农民利益思想的光辉著作。在新的历史时期,如何更好地保护和增进农民利益,是我们必须破解的一道难题。而研究恩格斯晚年的农民利益思想,为破解这一难题提供了可资借鉴的有益理论资源。本文从农民利益的角度对《法德农民问题》展开研究,主要分为四大部分:第一部分,主要论述了恩格斯对《南特纲领》的批判。19世纪末由于农业资本主义的入侵,农民生活日益窘困,法国和德国面临着严峻的农民问题。农民运动此起彼伏,农民的政治力量日渐凸显。一直忙于议会选举斗争的法国和德国社会主义政党,由此将注意力转向农民手中的选票,通过了新的土地纲领《南特纲领》并获得了部分农民的支持。与法德两国政党的沾沾自喜形成强烈反差的是恩格斯对《南特纲领》的批判。恩格斯对这种以违反社会主义原则而吸引农民选票的纲领表达了强烈不满,对纲领的内容给予了一一驳斥,并在此背景下创作了《法德农民问题》。第二部分,解读了《法德农民问题》中的农民利益思想,具体从维护农民利益的重要性与如何维护农民利益这两个角度展开。恩格斯认为,维护农民利益对于无产阶级政党有着三方面的重大意义:可以直接吸收农民加入政党,壮大无产阶级政党的力量;可以与整个农民阶级结成工农联盟,从而成功夺取政权;可以更快速的建设社会主义。对于如何在社会主义原则下维护农民利益,恩格斯也提出了一整套行之有效的方案。第三部分,论证了《法德农民问题》在马克思主义农民利益思想发展史的理论贡献。《法德农民问题》不仅继承坚持了马克思主义农民利益思想,而且在维护农民利益的重点对象、方式、具体途径等方面发展了马克思主义农民利益思想。第四部分,探讨了《法德农民问题》中农民利益思想的现实启示,主要是:维护农民利益要妥善解决农村土地问题;维护农民利益要尊重农民的意愿与首创精神;要制定符合农民实际的惠农政策;要重视以农民组织化维护农民利益;发展壮大农村集体经济是保障农民利益的必由之路。
[Abstract]:The problem of peasants' interests is a major issue of Marx Engels's life are highly concerned. < Franco German peasant problem Engels's later work, contains rich thought of the interests of farmers, is a brilliant work of Marx doctrine of peasants' interests. In the new historical period, how to better protect and promote the interests of farmers, is a problem we must break the thought of Engels in his later years. The research interests of farmers, provides a useful theoretical reference resources to solve this problem. This paper studies problems of farmers from the farmers > < German interests, mainly divided into four parts: the first part mainly discusses Engels to the Nantes programme of critical.19 > > at the end of the century since the invasion of the agricultural capitalism, farmer life is poor, France and Germany are facing serious problems. The peasant movement of farmers farmers' political power, as one falls, another rises. Highlight has been engaged in a fight. Elections for the French and German Socialist Party, which will turn their attention to the farmers of the vote, adopted the new land program < Nantes programme was part of > and the support of farmers. And the formation of a Franco German Party pleased with oneself strong anti poor Engels is critical of the "Nantes programme > Engels. This is in violation of the principle of socialism and to attract farmers the votes of the program have expressed strong dissatisfaction on the agenda to refute, and under the background of the creation. The second part, the peasant problem", interpretation of the ideological problems of farmers, < > in the interests of farmers, specifically from the importance of safeguarding the interests of farmers and farmers how to maintain the interests of these two perspectives. Engels believes that safeguarding the interests of farmers is of great significance in three aspects: the proletarian party can directly absorb farmers To join the party, strengthen the proletarian party power; can make the alliance of workers and peasants and the peasantry, to seize power; can be more rapid for socialist construction. How to safeguard the interests of farmers in the principles of socialism, Engels put forward a series of effective solutions. The third part, theoretical contribution. > demonstrates the Franco German peasant problem < >, farmers in the history of the development of Marx's thought of the interests of farmers not only inherited the thought of Marx, adhere to the interests of farmers, but also in focus, to safeguard the interests of farmers, the specific ways of development of thought of Marx's doctrine of the interests of farmers. In the fourth part, discusses the enlightenment thought, the interests of farmers "peasant problem", the main is to safeguard the interests of farmers to solve the problem of rural land; safeguard the interests of farmers to respect the wishes of farmers and the first fine God must set up a policy of benefiting farmers that accords with the reality of farmers. We must attach importance to farmers' systematization and safeguard the interests of farmers. The only way to protect farmers' interests is to develop and expand the rural collective economy.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：A811

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