马克思主义政治参与思想与中国民主政治发展研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 08:17

本文关键词：马克思主义政治参与思想与中国民主政治发展研究　出处：《中共浙江省委党校》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：马克思主义政治参与思想是马克思主义民主理论的重要组成部分，是科学的理论，对我国当下扩大公民有序政治参与的发展及构建社会主义民主政治有根本性的指导意义。本文对马克思主义政治参与思想的探讨和研究主要有三章：第一章主要探讨了马克思主义经典作家的政治参与思想。马克思、恩格斯政治参与思想并非是闭门造车的产物，有其产生的理论和实践基础。他们对政治参与思想的探讨经历了由最初的主张直接参与到后来主张间接参与，通过对巴黎公社的考察和资产阶级议会民主的批判借鉴，提出了无产阶级代议制民主的基本原则。列宁领导俄国人民建立了苏维埃政权，将马克思主义政治参与思想付诸于实践，并结合国情实现了创造性的变换。在十月革命前及革命胜利初期，列宁坚持直接参与思想。十月革命胜利以后，他逐渐认识到直接参与在俄国行不通，进而他主张间接参与，并提出了“一长制”主张。在内忧外患特殊国情下，“一长制”主张巩固了新生政权，但也为俄国国内后期出现个人专权、腐败等埋下了隐患。第二章重点探讨了马克思主义政治参与思想在中国的发展。在不同的历史阶段，中国共产党人结合国情、党情、世情发展马克思主义政治参与思想，不断推进马克思主义政治参与思想的中国化进程。因此，本部分主要阐述了毛泽东对马克思主义政治参与思想的继承和发展，建立人民代表大会制和中共领导的多党合作和政治协商制度等一系列保障人民当家作主的制度。在其后，邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛等共产党人在改革开放新时期进一步推进和发展了马克思主义政治参与思想和毛泽东政治参与思想。他们对马克思主义政治参与思想的继承和发展，实现了马克思主义政治参与思想的中国化，体现了马克思主义政治参与思想的强大的生命力。第三章着力探讨了马克思主义政治参与思想的实践教训和当代启示。马克思主义政治参与思想具有科学性，但要对实践发挥指导作用，还赖于正确的理解和运用。背离或直接抛弃马克思主义政治参与思想，导致在探索社会主义建设中出现了巨大的挫折，，包括列宁直接参与思想遇到的实践困境、中国“文化大革命”的发生、苏联解体和东欧剧变等。这些挫折导致社会主义建设偏离常态发展的轨道，给党和国家造成难以弥补的损失。痛定思痛，反思过去，我们要以马克思主义态度，全面、求真地理解和运用马克思主义政治参与思想；正确对待其他国家政治参与思想及经验；同时要结合国情，坚持促进公民政治参与“扩大”和“有序”并举，提高民主化水平，走中国特色民主政治建设道路。
[Abstract]:The thought of Marxist political participation is an important part of Marxist democratic theory and a scientific theory. It is of fundamental guiding significance to expand the development of citizen's orderly political participation and to construct socialist democratic politics in our country at present. There are three main chapters in this paper on the discussion and research of Marxist political participation thought: The first chapter mainly discusses the political participation thought of the classical Marxist writers. Marx and Engels' political participation thought is not the product of closed door construction. Their discussion of the thought of political participation has experienced from the initial idea of direct participation to the later claim of indirect participation. Through the investigation of the Paris Commune and the criticism of bourgeois parliamentary democracy, the basic principles of proletarian representative democracy were put forward. Lenin led the Russian people to establish the Soviet regime. The thought of political participation of Marxism was put into practice, and the creative change was realized according to the national conditions. Before the October Revolution and at the beginning of the victory of the revolution, Lenin insisted on the idea of direct participation, and after the victory of the October Revolution. He gradually realized that direct participation was not feasible in Russia, and then he advocated indirect participation, and put forward the idea of "one long system." under the special situation of internal and external problems, the "one long system" strengthened the new regime. But also for Russia's later emergence of personal autocracy, corruption and other hidden dangers. The second chapter focuses on the development of Marxist political participation in China. In different historical stages, the Communist Party of China combines the national conditions, party feelings, the world situation to develop Marxist political participation. Therefore, this part mainly expounds Mao Zedong's inheritance and development of Marxist political participation thought. The system of people's Congress and the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the Communist Party of China were set up to ensure the people to be the masters of their own affairs. In the new period of reform and opening up to the outside world, Hu Jintao and other Communists have further advanced and developed the Marxist thought of political participation and the thought of Mao Zedong's political participation, and they have inherited and developed the thought of Marxist political participation. It realizes the Sinicization of Marxist political participation thought and embodies the strong vitality of Marxist political participation thought. The third chapter focuses on the practice of Marxist political participation and contemporary enlightenment. Marxist political participation is scientific, but it should play a guiding role in practice. It also depends on the correct understanding and application, deviating from or directly abandoning the Marxist political participation thought, which leads to great setbacks in the exploration of socialist construction, including the practical dilemma encountered by Lenin's thought of direct participation. The occurrence of China's "Cultural Revolution", the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe. These setbacks caused socialist construction to deviate from the track of normal development and caused irreparable losses to the Party and the country. To reflect on the past, we should understand and apply Marxist political participation thought in a comprehensive and truthful way with a Marxist attitude; To correctly treat the political participation thoughts and experiences of other countries; At the same time, in combination with the national conditions, we should persist in promoting citizens' political participation in both "expanding" and "orderly", raising the level of democratization and following the road of building democratic politics with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：中共浙江省委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：A811;D621.5

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