列宁民主思想研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 21:44

本文关键词：列宁民主思想研究　出处：《武汉大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本论文以列宁的民主思想为研究对象。列宁民主思想的产生既有帝国主义和无产阶级革命时代的时代条件,又有作为帝国主义矛盾焦点的专制主义的俄国的具体国内环境,既有马克思主义在俄国的传播的一般理论条件,又有列宁兼为革命家和理论家的个人条件。列宁民主思想的理论基础是马克思主义特别是其民主理论。列宁的民主思想既有确定的内容和特点,又有在把马克思恩格斯的民主理论与俄国革命实践相结合中产生、成熟和深入发展的过程。首先,论文分四个方面阐述了列宁的民主观。一是列宁对民主概念的科学界定,阐述了马克思主义的唯物主义历史观和阶级斗争理论是列宁考察分析民主问题的方法论；二是列宁对民主本质的科学揭示,主要从国家形态的民主和非国家形态的民主两个层次上阐述了列宁对民主的把握,列宁民主思想主要是指他关于国家形态的民主的观点和理论；三是列宁对民主特点的科学阐述；四是列宁对民主的辨证发展过程的论述(列宁对资产阶级民主的分析批判和无产阶级对资产阶级民主的批判继承)。其次,论文阐述了列宁民主思想的精神实质——关于人民民主的思想。人民民主最早由资产阶级启蒙思想家提出,由于资产阶级民主的狭隘性和局限性而只能在无产阶级民主中真正得到实现。列宁的民主思想,始终是着眼于无产阶级的解放、社会解放和人类解放的,总是从这样的高度来阐述人民民主(通过无产阶级民主的形式得到实现)的基本原则、实现途径和形式、最终目标。在列宁的思想上,人民当家作主是人民民主、社会主义民主的实质和核心。再次,论文集中阐述了列宁关于社会主义民主的思想。一是列宁关于无产阶级民主(无产阶级专政)的历史必然性、本质特点、无产阶级专政体系的思想；二是列宁关于无产阶级专政的俄国形式——苏维埃民主制的思想,对苏维埃民主制作为新型民主和新型专政的统一的本质特点作了论述；三是阐述了列宁在十月革命后对社会主义民主的具体实现形式的宝贵探索。在对列宁关于国家形态的民主思想作了论述的基础上,论文还对列宁关于非国家形态的民主思想作了阐述,非国家形态的民主表现在多个领域,主要与特定主体的民主权利有关。论文选择了列宁关于党内民主的思想作了重点论述。论文对这两个方面都梳理了它们产生、发展的过程,并且具体阐述了它们各自的实质和基本原则。论文还对民主集中制在具体管理中的运用作了说明。论文的最后部分阐述了列宁民主思想的科学价值和当代实践意义。
[Abstract]:This thesis takes Lenin's democratic thought as the research object. Lenin's democratic thought has the times condition of the era of imperialism and proletarian revolution. There is also the specific domestic environment of autocracy, which is the focus of imperialist contradictions, and the general theoretical conditions for the spread of Marxism in Russia. Lenin's democratic thought is based on Marxism, especially its democratic theory. Lenin's democratic thought not only has definite content and characteristics, but also has the process of combining Marx and Engels' democratic theory with Russian revolutionary practice. This paper expounds Lenin's concept of democracy in four aspects. The first is Lenin's scientific definition of the concept of democracy. It is expounded that Marxist historical materialism and class struggle theory are the methodology of Lenin's investigation and analysis of democratic issues. Second, Lenin's scientific revelation of the essence of democracy, mainly from the national form of democracy and non-state form of democracy two levels of Lenin's grasp of democracy. Lenin's democratic thought mainly refers to his viewpoint and theory about democracy in the form of state. Third, Lenin's scientific exposition on the characteristics of democracy; Fourth, Lenin's exposition on the dialectical development of democracy (Lenin's analysis and criticism of bourgeois democracy and the proletariat's criticism of bourgeois democracy). Secondly. The paper expounds the spiritual essence of Lenin's democratic thought-the thought of people's democracy, which was first put forward by bourgeois enlightenment thinkers. Because of the parochialism and limitation of bourgeois democracy, it can only be realized in proletarian democracy. Lenin's democratic thought is always focused on the liberation of proletariat, social liberation and human liberation. It is always from this height that the basic principles of people's democracy (realized through the form of proletarian democracy), the ways and forms of realization, and the ultimate goal, are expounded in Lenin's mind. The people as masters are the essence and core of people's democracy and socialist democracy. The thesis focuses on Lenin's thoughts on socialist democracy. First, Lenin's thoughts on the historical inevitability, essential characteristics and proletarian dictatorship system of proletarian democracy (proletarian dictatorship); Second, Lenin's thought about the Russian form of proletarian dictatorship-Soviet democracy, discusses the essential characteristics of Soviet democracy as a new type of democracy and a unity of new dictatorship; Third, it expounds Lenin's valuable exploration of the concrete realization form of socialist democracy after the October Revolution. On the basis of the discussion of Lenin's democratic thought on the state form, the paper also expounds Lenin's democratic thought on the non-state form, which is manifested in many fields. It is mainly related to the democratic rights of specific subjects. The thesis chooses Lenin's thought of inner-party democracy to make a key exposition. The thesis combs the process of their production and development in both aspects. The paper also explains the application of democratic centralism in concrete management. The last part of the paper expounds the scientific value and contemporary practical significance of Lenin's democratic thought.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：A821.6

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