马克思的技术批判思想及其当代意义

发布时间：2018-02-01 05:36

本文关键词： 马克思技术批判唯物史观资本批判　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：技术与人类社会的发展息息相关,技术的进步深刻地改变着人们的生产生活和世界的面貌,推动着人类文明的进步,但是技术在发展过程中与人、自然、社会等产生了各种各样的矛盾,造成了人、自然的异化,以至于对技术的批判成为学术界的热点问题。而马克思在对资本主义社会进行批判的过程中也面向了技术,对技术问题提出了自己的看法,形成了技术批判的观点和思想,但是学术界对马克思技术批判思想的阐释存在着众多的分歧,在技术与人、自然、社会的关系等方面存在着许多误解,特别是没有把技术放在一定的社会关系中和社会历史环境中去理解。因此我们需要深入研究马克思的技术批判思想,消除他们对马克思技术观的误解,澄清马克思技术批判思想的精神实质。在人-技术-自然的关系链条中,首先技术是人的创造物,自然是技术的作用对象之一,技术最初就是处理人与自然关系的中介。人们在处理人与自然关系的过程中逐渐形成了人与人之间的关系,即社会。技术与人、自然的关系就是发生在一定社会当中的,处于一定的社会历史环境中的,而在现代社会中,资本就是这种特定的社会历史环境。马克思是在历史唯物主义的视野下考察技术的。技术起源于人的需要,是人本质力量的对象化,然而,在资本主义社会技术却导致了人的异化,造成对人的奴役、对人身的摧残,要消除异化实现人的自由和解放也要依靠技术的进步,依赖于社会的工业、商业、农业和人们之间交往模式的革新,这是一个历史活动。自然也是我们思考技术的一个重要维度。技术是我们改造自然的重要手段,它的产生和发展要有一定的物质基础,要遵循一定的自然规律。在当代,技术的发展在一定程度上造成了自然的异化,即全球的生态危机,但是生态危机最重要的根源并不是技术本身,而是技术的资本主义应用,要想实现人与自然的和解,不仅要依靠技术的发展,更重要的是扬弃这种制度本身。同时在马克思看来,技术与社会之间存在着互动,这种互动是立体的、多层面的,一方面技术活动存在于社会生活的各个领域,技术对社会发展起着革命性作用,另一方面技术是社会中的技术,社会制约、影响、塑造着技术,所谓技术决定论的观点是对马克思的误解。在当代社会,资本成为社会的轴心力量,技术也成为我们生存的重要背景,两者之间有着紧密的联系,一方面技术与资本具有一致性,技术促进资本的增殖,资本推动着技术的发展;另一方面,技术与资本却又相互背离,资本会阻碍技术的进步,而技术又有超越资本的倾向。技术和资本的结盟导致现代生产方式——工业生产体系的产生,也正是现代的工业生产体系构成了技术与资本合谋的现实基础。在现代的生产方式基础上,社会的政治、经济、文化、艺术发生变化,现代人的思想观念、思维方式也发生改变,然后资本向外扩展、全球殖民,形成世界市场,最终成为我们这个时代的主要的社会形态,造就了我们这个社会的基本面貌。技术与资本的合谋共同推动了社会的发展与进步,是现代性生成的重要原因,现在我们对现代性进行批判和反思,就要把对技术的批判和对技术所处的物质生产关系——即资本的批判统一起来,这样就可以把批判的武器和武器的批判相结合,从而实现对现代性强有力的回应。而要对资本进行批判,就必须抛弃技术为资本服务的观念,要树立技术人化发展的理念,明确技术发展的最终目的是人,而不是资本。
[Abstract]:With the development of human society is closely related to the progress of technology has profoundly changed people's production and life and the world outlook, promoting the progress of human civilization, but in the process of development and human, nature, society has produced all kinds of contradiction, cause, alienation of nature, that criticism of technology has become a hot issue in academic circles. And Marx in the critique of capitalist society in the process of facing the technology, put forward views on technical problems, the formation of technical critical views and ideas, but the academic interpretation of Marx's technological criticism ideology exist many differences in nature, technology and people. Social relations and other aspects, there is a lot of misunderstanding, especially not the technology in certain social relations and social historical environment to understand. So we need to in-depth study of Mark Thinking of technology criticism, to eliminate their misunderstanding of Marx's technological view, clarify the essence of Marx's technological criticism ideology. In the relationship between the chain of people - technology - nature, the technology is a human creation and nature is one of the role of object technology, technology is the first intermediary physical relationship between man and nature. The formation of the relationship between people gradually in the process of the relationship between man and nature in the society. People technology and the nature of the relationship is happening in a certain society, in a certain social and historical environment, and in modern society, capital is the specific social and historical conditions. Marx is the investigation of the technology in the view of historical materialism. The technology originated from the needs of the people, is the human nature of the power of the object, however, in the capitalist society technology has led to the alienation of people, caused by the enslavement of the people, to The personal humiliation, to eliminate the alienation of human's freedom and liberation also depends on the progress of technology, depends on the social industrial, commercial, agricultural and human communication mode between innovation, this is a historical event. An important dimension of nature is our thinking technology. Technology is an important means for us to transform nature its emergence and development, there must be some material basis, to follow the law of nature. At present, the development of technology has caused the alienation of nature to a certain extent, the global ecological crisis, but the most important source of ecological crisis is not the technology itself, but the capitalism application technology, in order to achieve the reconciliation between man and nature, not only to rely on the development of technology, more important is the sublation of the system itself. At the same time, in Marx's view, there is interaction between technology and society, and this interaction is a three-dimensional, multi-level The various fields of technology, on one hand, exists in the social life, technology and social development plays a revolutionary role, on the other hand, technology is the technology in society, social control, influence, shaping technology, technological determinism is the misunderstanding of Marx. In contemporary society, social capital has become the core force that technology has become an important background to our survival, there is close connection between the two, on the one hand and the capital is consistent, the proliferation of technology to promote the capital, capital to promote technological development; on the other hand, technology and capital but deviate from each other, the capital will hinder the progress of technology, technology and beyond the capital tendency. The technology and capital alliance in the modern mode of production, industrial production system, is the modern industrial production system constitutes the basis of technology and capital in collusion. Based on the way of social, political, economic, cultural, artistic change, modern people's idea, mode of thinking has changed, then the capital expansion, global colonization, formation of the world market, and eventually become the main social form of our era, creating the basic features of our society. And capital conspire together to promote the social development and progress, is an important reason for the modern generation, we now to the modernity critique and reflection, to critique of technology and material on the production technology -- capital unified criticism, so you can put the weapon of criticism and the combination of weapons, in order to achieve a strong response to Modernity. To the criticism of the capital, we must abandon the technology capital service concept, to establish the concept of humanized technology development, The ultimate goal of the development of technology is human, not capital.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A81

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