西方近代主体形而上学演进逻辑与马克思哲学的超越方式

发布时间:2018-03-15 09:11

  本文选题:马克思哲学 切入点:主体 出处:《辽宁大学》2013年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文


【摘要】:“主体”这个概念自产生之日起就面临着许多问题。从笛卡儿的“我思”的确立到黑格尔的“实体即主体”思想的完成,最终形成了主体形而上学。本文通过详细梳理西方近代主体形而上学的逻辑线索,具体阐释了马克思以实践活动作为其哲学基础,超越了主体形而上学的抽象性和僵化性,实现了哲学的变革。全文包括了三大部分: 第一部分主要阐述了西方近代主体形而上学的初步形成。首先笛卡儿提出了“我思”,确立了人的主体地位;接着以洛克为代表的经验论提出的直观主体进一步深化了主体性理论;最终莱布尼茨提出的单子论使主体形而上学初步形成。 第二部分论述了德国古典哲学对主体形而上学的最终确立。费希特的“自我”学说和黑格尔“实体即主体”思想在促成主体形而上学形成的同时,也为马克思主体性理论提供了合理的理论内核。 第三部分阐释了马克思以实践主体性超越主体形而上学,实现了哲学的变革。马克思确立了实践在理论思维中的基础作用,这样不管是认识对象还是实践对象都具有了现实性。另外,任何一种理论思维的认识活动,同时也是实践活动,两者共同发生。马克思所说的实践活动实际上是一种对象性活动,这种对象性活动是一种双向的活动:一方面,主体进行对象性活动既可以把自身的本质外化出去、实现出去;另一方面,主体又可以把外物的内容内化到自身中来、完善自身。可见,主体就在这样的实践活动、对象性活动中增强了自身的本质力量,,完成了对主体形而上学抽象性和僵化性的超越。最终,主体的发展问题得到了解决。
[Abstract]:The concept of "subject" has faced many problems. From Descartes "I think" the establishment of Hagel's "entity is subject" thought, and ultimately the formation of Subjective Metaphysics through logical clues. Detailed analysis of modern western metaphysics, expounds the practice as the Marx the philosophical foundation, beyond the metaphysics of abstraction and rigid, achieve change in philosophy. The thesis includes three parts:
The first part mainly expounds the preliminary formation of modern western metaphysics. Firstly, Descartes "I think", the establishment of a dominant position; intuitive subject then represented by Rock on the experience of proposed to further deepen the theory of subjectivity; finally put forward by Leibniz monadism make subjective metaphysics preliminary form.
The second part discusses the final establishment of the classical metaphysics of the German classical philosophy. Fichte's "ego" theory and Hagel's "entity is the main body" thought contribute to the formation of the main body metaphysics, and it also provides a reasonable theoretical core for Marx's subjectivity theory.
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