论马克思关于人的发展理论的三重维度

发布时间：2018-03-28 20:12

本文选题：马克思　切入点：人的发展理论　出处：《辽宁大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：人的发展理论是马克思主义哲学理论的重要内容。马克思对人的发展有过系统而深刻的论述。马克思主义人的发展观确立了人在物质世界中的主体地位和价值，强调了人与社会、自然发展的和谐统一，人的发展观确立了以人为本的可持续发展理念,突出了人的发展在社会发展中的核心和基础地位。近些年来，随着社会主义实践的发展，人的发展问题不断得以突出。本文试图通过考察马克思的思想发展和根本内涵，揭示马克思思想语境中的人的发展理论，进而为我们当前研究和认识人的发展问题提供基本的视角和理论参照。具体来说，本文着眼于马克思关于人的发展问题的理论资源，吸收马克思思想视域中人的发展的具体道路和方向，转换国内人的发展问题研究的视角和方法，，为当下中国社会和人的发展提供基本的思考路径。围绕这一目标，本文共分四个部分：论文的第一部分对马克思提出人的发展理论的时代背景和理论渊源做出了全面的梳理。人的发展理论的时代背景主要从马克思所处的社会提出的2个问题着手，就是人的异化和人的解放。资本主义社会中资本家利用资本主义私有制将工人们异化，为此，马克思利用生产劳动这一全新理论去揭发当时社会的复杂以及资本主义的生产方式。人的发展理论的理论渊源是从文艺复兴时期的自然主义的感性的人开始，到18世纪法国启蒙运动时期提出理性的人，发展到19世纪法国空想社会主义时期的人道主义，再到19世纪德国的人本主义时期的人道主义，进行了历史理论的梳理。第二部分是阐述马克思关于人的发展理论三重维度的内容展开，第一是人的自然维度，从自然对人的根基性，人对自然的超越性和人与自然关系的历史演变来分析。第二是人的社会维度，是阐述马克思提出的人的发展的“三大历史形态”，包括前资本主义社会经济条件下的“人的依赖”，资本主义社会工业生产条件下的“物的依赖”，还有共产主义社会知识经济条件下的“自由个性”。第三是人的实践维度，论述了实践是人的生存方式，也是社会生活的发源地，我们全部生活在本质上是实践。第三部分阐明马克思关于人的发展理论的三重维度的基本特征，第一是整体性特征，因为人的发展是一个总体的过程，并不是一个一劳永逸的事件。第二是历史性特征，说明人是处于实践活动中的历史性的个人。第三是现实性特征，人不是单个人固有的抽象物，它是在现实性上表现为一切社会关系的总和。第四部分是论述了马克思关于人的发展理论的三重维度的当代意义。它为可持续发展提供了理论基础，为生态文明社会提供了理论保障。人与自然的和谐关系，让人成为自然界的自觉的主人。人与人之间的公平，使人成为自己的社会关系的主人最终达到可持续发展的终极目标——人的全面发展。
[Abstract]:The theory of human development is an important part of Marxist philosophical theory. Marx had a systematic and profound exposition on human development. The Marxist concept of human development established the subject position and value of man in the material world. It emphasizes the harmony and unity of human and society and natural development. The concept of human development establishes the concept of people-oriented sustainable development, and highlights the core and basic position of human development in social development. With the development of socialist practice, the problem of human development is becoming more and more prominent. This paper attempts to reveal the theory of human development in Marx's ideological context by examining Marx's ideological development and its fundamental connotation. Then it provides a basic perspective and theoretical reference for our current research and understanding of human development. Specifically, this paper focuses on Marx's theoretical resources on human development. To absorb the specific way and direction of human development in Marx's thought field, to change the perspective and method of domestic research on human development, and to provide a basic way of thinking for the present Chinese society and human development. This paper is divided into four parts:. The first part of the paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the background and theoretical origin of Marx's theory of human development. The background of the theory of human development mainly begins with the two problems raised by Marx's society. In capitalist society capitalists use capitalist private ownership to dissimilate workers. Marx used the new theory of production and labor to expose the complexity of society at that time and the capitalist mode of production. The theoretical origin of the theory of human development began with the perceptual man of naturalism during the Renaissance. By the 18th century the French Enlightenment period put forward the rational people, developed to the 19th century French utopian socialism period of humanitarianism, then to the 19th century German humanism period of humanitarianism, carried on the historical theory combing. The second part is to expound the contents of the three dimensions of Marx's theory of human development. The first is the natural dimension of man, which is based on the nature of man. Man's transcendence of nature and the historical evolution of the relationship between man and nature are analyzed. The second is the social dimension of man. It is the "three historical forms" of human development put forward by Marx, including "human dependence" under pre-capitalist social and economic conditions, "material dependence" under industrial production conditions in capitalist society, and communist society. "Free personality" under the condition of knowledge economy. The third is the dimension of human practice. Practice is the way of life and the birthplace of social life. The third part clarifies the basic characteristics of the triple dimension of Marx's theory of human development. The first is the holistic feature, because human development is a general process, not an event once and for all, and the second is the historical feature. It shows that man is a historical individual in practical activities. The third is the characteristics of reality. Man is not an inherent abstract object of a single person. It is the summation of all social relations in reality. The fourth part discusses the contemporary significance of the triple dimensions of Marx's theory of human development, which provides a theoretical basis for sustainable development and a theoretical guarantee for the ecological civilization society, and a harmonious relationship between man and nature. Let man become the conscious master of nature, and the fairness between human beings makes man become the master of his own social relations, and finally achieve the ultimate goal of sustainable development-the all-round development of human beings.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811;B038

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