论马克思社会正义思想及其当代启示

发布时间：2018-04-01 03:35

本文选题：马克思　切入点：社会正义思想　出处：《安徽大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,正义成为我国学术界研究领域炙手可热的词汇之一。这一词的最大魅力在于它代表着人们对合理的生存方式以及合理的生存状态的基本要求。从1949年新中国成立到今天,我国在政治、经济、文化等各个方面都已取得的瞩目的成绩,但与此同时也出现了许多社会问题,社会正义问题便是其中之一,并且随着经济的发展这一问题逐步显现。在2012年召开的中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会上,社会正义引起了党中央的高度重视并被视为我国社会建设的长期目标之一。2014年12月习近平同志在江苏考察时提出“四个全面”的战略布局,而这一布局的最终旨归便是促进社会正义的全面实现。为构建更加正义的社会,我国迫切需要科学理论的指导。而马克思主义理论是在马克思和恩格斯等人不断的理论探索和革命实践下形成,因而具有其它理论所不具备的先进性和科学性。因此从马克思的理论中挖掘正义的资源,对解决当下社会我国所面临的正义问题具有重要的启示。本文共分为五部分,第一部分论述了马克思社会正义思想产生的条件。学术界对于马克思主义理论与正义的关系问题一直以来存在着争议,探究马克思社会正义思想产生的主客观条件对于这一争论具有追本溯源的意义。就客观方面而言,本文将从马克思的成长环境、时代背景以及思想的来源进行论述。就主观方面而言,本文将从马克思的个人信仰来进行论述。第二部分主要回到马克思的原著中挖掘马克思思想中的社会正义资源,形成对马克思社会正义思想的基本认识。马克思社会正义思想的形成经历了三个阶段：自由主义正义观继承阶段；自由主义正义观重新审视阶段；科学社会正义思想形成阶段。博士论文以及莱茵时报时期等文章揭示了马克思早期对自由主义正义观的继承。《黑格尔法哲学的批判》以及德法年鉴时期的文章,体现了马克思在思想上的转变。这种转变体现为马克思思想中浓厚的历史唯物主义意蕴。这种思想上的历史唯物主义倾向,使得马克思重新审视其早期的自由主义正义观。而这种重新审视的结果使得马克思的社会正义思想开始形成并走向历史唯物主义。马克思社会正义思想进入成熟阶段的标志是《德意志意识形态》的发表,并在《政治经济学批判导言》、《资本论》以及《哥达纲领批判》中得到了完善,最终形成了以历史唯物主义为基础的社会正义思想。第三部分主要论述马克思社会正义思想的基本内容和基本特质。在马克思看来,社会正义是实质正义与形式正义的统一。而经济的平等、政治权利上的自由、民主、平等以及制度的公正合理,才能实现实质正义与形式正义统一。马克思社会正义思想具有四大特质,即历史性、阶级性、革命性和现实性。这四大特质决定了马克思社会正义思想的科学性。第四部分主要克思与西方当代自由主义正义观的异同。马克思的社会正义思想与罗尔斯的新自由主义的正义观和哈耶克的新古典自由主义的正义观都存在一些相同点和不同点。通过比较能够进一步揭示马克思社会正义思想的科学性和西方主流正义思想的实质,帮助我们正确认识西方主流的正义思想,为我们科学借鉴西方正义思想奠定基础。第五部分主要论述马克思社会正义思想对我国社会主义建设的启示。首先揭示了我国目前存在的一系列不正义现象并对产生这些不正义现象的具体原因进行了探讨。其次论述了马克思社会正义思想对我国社会主义建设的启示。马克思社会正义思想认为实现社会正义的两大条件是物质财富的极大丰富和制度的公平合理。据此,解决我国社会目前存在的这一些具体不正义现象,推进我国社会正义的持续发展,主要应该从两个方面着手：第一,发展经济,通过经济的发展推进我国社会正义的实现；第二,完善制度,通过制度的完善保障社会正义的实现。
[Abstract]:In recent years, justice has become one of the hot research field of vocabulary in academic circles in China. This is the greatest charm of the word it represents the people's basic requirements for a reasonable way of survival and rational existence. From 1949 Chinese inception to today, China's political, economic, cultural and other aspects have been achieved great achievements, but at the same time there have been a lot of social problems, social justice is one of them, and with the problem of economic development gradually. China in the 2012 meeting of the eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party, social justice has attracted great attention of the Party Central Committee and is regarded as the long-term social construction in China one of the goals of.2014 in December Comrade Xi Jinping in Jiangsu to study the proposed strategy of "four comprehensive", and the final aim of this layout is to promote the whole social justice The implementation for building a more just society, China is in urgent need of the guidance of scientific theory. Marx theory is formed in Marx and Engels continue to explore the theory and practice of revolution, which has advanced other theories do not have scientific. Therefore mining resources from the Marx's theory of justice. It has important enlightenment to solve the current problems faced by the justice society in China. This paper is divided into five parts, the first part discusses the conditions of Marx's social justice thought. Relationship between the academic circles of the Marx theory and justice has been controversial, exploring Marx's social justice thought the subjective condition is the origin of significance for this controversy. As the objective aspect, this article from the Marx's growth environment, sources of background and thought Discussion. The subjective aspect is concerned, this article from Marx's personal beliefs are discussed. The second part mainly back to the original Marx mining in Marx's thought of social justice resources, form a basic understanding of Marx's social justice. The formation of Marx's social justice thought has experienced three stages: Liberalism justice view in succession stage; Liberal Conception of justice review stage; scientific thought of social justice. The formation stage of doctoral dissertation and the Rhine times period reveals Marx early on liberalism justice view inheritance. Hagel's philosophy critique and the German Law Yearbook period, reflects the change in Marx's thought. This change reflects the historical materialism has strong implication of Marx's thought. The historical materialism tendency of this kind of thought, make Marx reconsider The early liberal concept of justice. And this review result of Marx's social justice thought started to form and trend of historical materialism. Mark Marx thought of social justice into the mature stage is "German Ideology" published, and in "critique of political economics introduction > > and < < Das Kapital > in Critique of the Gotha program improved, ultimately based on historical materialism thought of social justice. The basic content of Marx's social justice and the basic characteristics of the third part mainly discusses. In Marx's view, social justice is the unity of substantive justice and formal justice and economic equality, political rights of freedom, democracy, equality and the system is fair and reasonable, in order to achieve substantive justice and formal justice unity. Marx thought of social justice has four characteristics, namely history, class, revolution And the reality. These four characteristics determine the scientific nature of Marx's social justice. The similarities and differences between the fourth part of the main Marxism and contemporary western liberalism justice view. New classical liberalism justice social justice thought and Rawls Marx of the new liberalism justice view and Hayek have some similarities and through the comparison of different points. To further reveal the essence of Marx's social justice science and western mainstream justice thought, help us to correctly understand the justice thought of the western mainstream, as we learn from western science and justice thought foundation. The fifth part mainly discusses the enlightenment thoughts of social justice Marx of China's socialist construction. Firstly, the paper reveals the in China a series of injustice phenomenon and the specific reasons for these unjust phenomenon are discussed. Secondly it discusses Marx's social justice thought enlightenment to our country's socialist construction. Marx thought of social justice to realize the two conditions of social justice is the material wealth and the fair and reasonable system. Accordingly, to solve the present social injustice of this specific phenomenon, promote the sustainable development of China's social justice, which should start from two aspects: first, through the realization of China's economic development, social justice to promote the development of economy; second, improve the system, through the improvement of the system to guarantee the realization of social justice.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：A811

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