《哲学的贫困》与马克思主义的创立

发布时间：2018-04-04 18:47

本文选题：马克思　切入点：蒲鲁东　出处：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：资本主义社会的生产资料私有制,使工业无产阶级和工业资产阶级的矛盾日益凸显。一些有识之士开始在资本主义社会这个大基础背景下探索解放工人的索要。于是出现了各种各样的理论思潮。蒲鲁东思想就是其中之一,蒲鲁东代表小资产阶级反对资本主义社会的大资产阶级,力图为工业无产阶级找到实现他们权利平等的理论工具。然而蒲鲁东的理论却唯心了,缺乏资本主义社会生产的现实基础,使他的理论不能成为科学。而马克思立足于资本主义现实的生产关系,坚持辩证唯物主义创立了唯物史观。《哲学的贫困》这部著作就是马克思主义唯物史观的第一次公开阐发,是马克思揭露蒲鲁东的唯心史观和蒲鲁东不现实的小资产阶级政治经济学的伟大胜利,为科学社会主义的诞生奠定了基础,是马克思主义创立的标志至少是重要标志。本文从马克思与蒲鲁东交往关系的演变入手,以资本主义的“生产”为主线,十分重视马克思重要著作的内在联系。在纵向上阐述了马克思(包括恩格斯)从《1844年经济学哲学手稿》到《哲学的贫困》的心路历程,并联系到后来的《资本论》。《1844年经济学哲学手稿》由于受黑格尔和西方经济学者的影响,虽然对西方政治经济学展开了研究,但是对政治经济学的研究对象并未科学确立。《哲学的贫困》以唯物史观为指导,科学确立了政治经济学的研究对象问题;横向上研究了从《德意志意识形态》到《哲学的贫困》中唯物史观“生产关系”范畴的确立过程,并联系到后来的《共产党宣言》。《德意志意识形态》没有严格区分“交往关系”与“生产关系”,认为“交往关系”与生产力是一对基本范畴,而《哲学的贫困》科学的确立了“生产关系”这一经济范畴,并说明了生产力与生产关系的辩证运动,是唯物史观的成熟应用,从而说明了新世界观公开问世的革命性与科学性。《哲学的贫困》是马克思主义哲学与政治经济学的成功结合,并因这个科学的结合得出了科学的理论,论证了科学社会主义的必然性与革命性。论文立足于资本主义社会的“生产”方面,以全面的眼光来分析《哲学的贫困》在马克思主义思想史发展中的地位和《哲学的贫困》与马克思主义理论体系创立的关系。
[Abstract]:The private ownership of the means of production in capitalist society makes the contradiction between the industrial proletariat and the industrial bourgeoisie increasingly prominent.Some men of insight began to explore the demands of liberating workers against the backdrop of capitalist society.A variety of theoretical trends emerged.Poluton thought is one of them, on behalf of the petty bourgeoisie against the capitalist society of the big bourgeoisie, trying to find for the industrial proletariat to achieve their equal rights theoretical tools.However, Prudon's theory is idealistic and lacks the realistic foundation of capitalist society's production, so his theory can not become science.Marx, based on the capitalist reality of the relations of production and adhering to dialectical materialism, founded the historical materialism. This work, "philosophical Poverty", is the first public interpretation of Marxist historical materialism.It is Marx's revelation of Buluton's idealistic view of history and the great victory of his unrealistic petty bourgeois political economy, which laid the foundation for the birth of scientific socialism, and is at least an important symbol of the creation of Marxism.This paper begins with the evolution of the relationship between Marx and Buluton, takes the "production" of capitalism as the main line, and attaches great importance to the internal connection of Marx's important works.This paper expounds the course of Marx (including Engels) from "the manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844" to "the Poverty of philosophy" longitudinally.And related to the later Capital. The manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844 was influenced by Hegel and Western economists, although the study of western political economy was carried out.However, the research object of political economy has not been scientifically established. "the poverty of philosophy" is guided by historical materialism, and the research object of political economy is scientifically established.Horizontally, it studies the establishment process of the category of "relations of production" in historical materialism from "German ideology" to "poverty in philosophy".In connection with the later Manifesto of the Communist Party, the German ideology does not strictly distinguish between "relations of association" and "relations of production", and considers that "relations of association" and productive forces are a pair of basic categories.The poverty of philosophy establishes the economic category of "relations of production" scientifically, and explains the dialectical movement of productive forces and relations of production, which is the mature application of historical materialism.This explains the revolutionary and scientific nature of the public appearance of the new world outlook. Poverty in philosophy is a successful combination of Marxist philosophy and political economics, and a scientific theory has been derived from the combination of this science.The necessity and revolution of scientific socialism are demonstrated.Based on the "production" aspect of capitalist society, this paper analyzes the position of "philosophical poverty" in the history of Marxist ideology and the relationship between "philosophical poverty" and the establishment of Marxist theoretical system.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：A811

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