论马克思对施蒂纳哲学的批判

发布时间：2018-04-16 12:13

本文选题：马克思 + 施蒂纳　；参考：《安徽师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：施蒂纳作为青年黑格尔派分子，是小资产阶级的思想代表，其哲学代表作是《唯一者及其所有物》。施蒂纳作为青年黑格尔派的自由绝对主义者，在《唯一者及其所有物》中坚持个体自我的绝对自由和权力，虚构了“人”的历史，塑造了“唯一者”这一集“自我一致的利己主义者”、虚无主义者和无政府主义者于一身的“我”，并以此批判了费尔巴哈哲学，体现出施蒂纳哲学的利己主义、虚无主义和无政府主义的性质。施蒂纳批判费尔巴哈哲学的深刻性，触动了马克思对费尔巴哈哲学的反思。于反思中，马克思认识到费尔巴哈哲学和施蒂纳哲学其实都是坚持唯心主义历史观的人道主义哲学，，并予以了彻底批判。马克思对施蒂纳哲学的批判是在《德意志意识形态》的“圣麦克斯”章中展开的，且将施蒂纳哲学定性为小资产阶级哲学。也因此，本论文就以“论马克思对施蒂纳哲学的批判”作为论文主题，展开了对马克思批判施蒂纳哲学问题的研究和分析。本论文沿着费尔巴哈—施蒂纳—马克思的思想逻辑轴线，于费尔巴哈、施蒂纳和马克思这三者彼此间的相互关系中发现：施蒂纳对费尔巴哈哲学的批判具有深刻性，施蒂纳批判费尔巴哈哲学触动了马克思，施蒂纳哲学作为小资产阶级哲学有其历史局限性。正是这三个核心的问题和方面构成了马克思何以要批判施蒂纳哲学的问题域。在问题域中拨开了马克思何以要批判施蒂纳哲学的迷雾后，开始研究和分析马克思在《德意志意识形态》的“圣麦克斯”章中批判施蒂纳哲学的问题。当然，马克思批判施蒂纳哲学是在思维与存在的关系这一前提域中展开批判的。在此批判前提域中，马克思是以社会存在决定社会意识这一历史唯物主义基本原理作为其批判施蒂纳哲学的前提的。因此，马克思对施蒂纳哲学的批判，无论是从理论上还是从现实上来说，都具有重要意义，那就是马克思批判施蒂纳哲学的唯物史观意义和现实意义。
[Abstract]:Steiner, as a young Hegel faction, is the representative of the petty bourgeoisie, and his philosophical masterpiece is the only one and his possessions.Steiner, as a liberal absolutist of the young Hegel school, insists on the absolute freedom and power of the individual in "the only one and his property", and makes up the history of "man"."the only one", the "self-consistent egoist", the nihilist and the anarchist "I", which criticizes Feuerbach's philosophy and embodies Steiner's egoism.The nature of nihilism and anarchism.Steiner's criticism of the depth of Feuerbach's philosophy touched Marx's reflection on Feuerbach's philosophy.In his introspection, Marx realized that Feuerbach's philosophy and Steiner's philosophy were both humanitarianism philosophy which insisted on the idealistic view of history and criticized them thoroughly.Marx's criticism of Steiner's philosophy was carried out in St. Max's chapter of German ideology, and Steiner's philosophy was characterized as petty-bourgeois philosophy.Therefore, this thesis takes "on Marx's criticism of Steiner's philosophy" as the theme of the thesis, and carries out the research and analysis of Marx's criticism of Steiner's philosophy.Along the logical axis of Feuerbach-Steiner-Marx, this paper finds out in the relationship among Feuerbach, Steiner and Marx that Steiner's criticism of Feuerbach's philosophy is profound.Steiner's criticism of Feuerbach's philosophy touched Marx, and Steiner's philosophy as a petty-bourgeois philosophy had its historical limitations.It is these three core problems and aspects that constitute the problem domain why Marx criticizes Steiner's philosophy.After removing the fog of Marx's criticism of Steiner's philosophy in the question field, he began to study and analyze Marx's criticism of Steiner's philosophy in the chapter of St Max in German ideology.Of course, Marx criticizes Steiner's philosophy in the premise of the relationship between thinking and existence.In this critical premise domain, Marx took the basic principle of historical materialism that social existence determines social consciousness as his premise of criticizing Steiner's philosophy.Therefore, Marx's criticism of Steiner's philosophy, whether theoretically or practically, is of great significance, that is, Marx's criticism of Steiner's philosophy of historical materialism and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：安徽师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

【参考文献】