从马克思的需要理论看以人为本

发布时间：2018-04-23 04:15

本文选题：马克思的需要理论 + 以人为本　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：从人类诞生之日起，围绕人的生存和发展的一系列问题都成为各国学者们研究和探讨的重点领域。对人的一切问题的思考和研究是马克思创立新思维的重要前提。对人的生存和发展的关注使马克思和恩格斯成为革命民主主义者，并且把这份关注转变为共产主义者的主要动力。马克思在《德意志意识形态》中第一次提到了人的需要问题。这是一个半世纪之前学者们对人的需要问题的重视，同时也表明了当时人们对现实生活中的人开始关注了。其实在马克思创立需要理论之前，人类古代就已经有关于人的需要问题的记载了，只是没有形成系统的理论体系。对于有着五千年历史文化的中国，关于人的需要的论述是不胜其数的，但是他们的需要理论大多数都是以“欲望”的说法来记载的，其意义是相同的。在西方，对人的需要问题的论述最早出现在古希腊哲学家的著作里。不管是西方的还是东方的人的需要理论，也不论他们是出于维护统治阶级的利益还是为了宣扬宗教神学的目的，总之，，他们的需要理论对今天我们继续研究人的需要问题提供了理论来源和理论支持。新时期，改革开放30年以来，我国提出的“以人为本”的科学发展观，并结合马克思的需要理论，体现了我们关注人、重视民生和尊重人权，真正把人们的利益作为最高的价值取向。但是，在经济高速发展的背后，伴随着各种复杂矛盾的接踵而至。在这种背景下我们提出“以人为本”的思想观，重新唤醒了我们对马克思需要理论的再认识。一个半世纪的今天，人的需要问题更加多元化了，并且已成为哲学、政治学、社会学等多个学科研究的重点问题和热点问题。本文从哲学、政治学等多个角度来研究“以人为本”，从“以人为本”产生的思想来源到马克思对以人为本的理解，用多学科交叉分析方法探讨了马克思的需要理论与以人为本的关系。通过分析马克思的需要理论，尤其是结合每个时期的社会现状及其发展变化，全方位、多层次地深入研究以人为本与人的需要问题的关系，能更加深入地体会到广大人民群众真正所需是什么，更加合理地建立一个能够满足广大人民群众需要的社会主义和谐社会。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of human beings, a series of problems around the survival and development of human beings have become the focus of research and discussion by scholars all over the world. It is an important premise for Marx to establish new thinking by thinking and studying all human problems. The concern for the survival and development of man made Marx and Engels a revolutionary Democrat and turned this concern into the main motive force of the Communists. Marx first mentioned the need of man in German ideology. This is a century and a half ago scholars pay attention to human needs, but also shows that people began to pay attention to real life. In fact, before Marx founded the theory of need, the human needs had been recorded in ancient times, but there was no systematic theoretical system. For China with five thousand years of history and culture, there are countless expositions on human needs, but most of their needs theories are recorded by the term "desire", the meaning of which is the same. In the West, the discussion of human needs first appeared in the writings of ancient Greek philosophers. Whether it is the theory of the needs of the people in the West or the East, whether they are in the interests of the ruling class or for the purpose of promoting religious theology, Their theory of needs provides theoretical support for us to continue to study human needs today. In the new era and 30 years of reform and opening up, the scientific development concept of "people-oriented" put forward by our country, combined with Marx's theory of needs, embodies our concern for people, people's livelihood and respect for human rights. Truly regard people's interests as the highest value orientation. However, behind the rapid economic development, accompanied by a variety of complex contradictions followed. Under this background, we put forward the idea of "people first", and reawakened our understanding of Marx's theory of need. Today, human needs have become more diversified, and have become the key and hot issues in philosophy, political science, sociology and many other disciplines. This paper studies "people-oriented" from philosophy, political science and other angles, from the thought of "people-oriented" to Marx's understanding of people-oriented. This paper discusses the relationship between Marx's theory of needs and people-oriented by the method of multi-disciplinary cross-analysis. Through the analysis of Marx's theory of needs, especially combining with the social situation and its development and changes in each period, the relationship between people-oriented and human needs is studied in a comprehensive and multi-level way. We can get a deeper understanding of what the masses really need and more reasonably build a harmonious socialist society which can meet the needs of the broad masses of the people.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811;B038

【引证文献】