马克思幸福思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 10:03

本文选题：幸福 + 马克思　；参考：《中共中央党校》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：幸福是人类不断追求的终极目标，人类通过实践活动创造幸福生活也是唯物史观的必然逻辑。人类历史的发展过程，就是人类在实践中不断地朝向自由而全面发展的过程，也是人类不断地为实现幸福创造条件的过程。马克思的思想宝库是当代中国幸福思想的重要源头。关注人是哲学的内在要求，关注人的幸福也是哲学的终极关怀。在传统哲学的理论视角下，人的幸福或仅仅停留在物质层面的满足，或走向纯粹抽象的理性，甚至将幸福寄托于彼岸世界，这些都导致了人类对幸福理解的片面。马克思立足于唯物史观，对人的幸福问题有着科学和深刻的理解，突破了传统哲学幸福思想的片面性、直观性。在马克思主义理论的指导下，，在现代化建设的背景下，从马克思思想宝库中汲取营养，为当代中国的幸福建设提供理论借鉴，很有必要。全文分为六个部分。导论部分主要介绍问题提出的背景、论文研究的主题、选题的理论意义和现实意义、研究现状与评析以及研究的基本思路和方法等。第一章“马克思幸福思想的历史发展”。本章系统介绍了传统哲学幸福思想的发展渊源和马克思幸福思想的发展轨迹。通过揭示马克思幸福思想的来源和发展历史，阐述马克思幸福思想解读的重点。本文将马克思的幸福思想分为孕育、萌芽、确立、成熟和寻找现实路径五个发展阶段。在每一个发展阶段，本文都侧重选取一个代表性作品进行剖析。围绕着这个代表性作品，本文将对此阶段马克思幸福思考的发展脉络，进行大致的介绍。第二章“马克思幸福思想的基本内涵”。本章系统解读马克思对于幸福问题的理解，主要包括幸福的概念界定、多重意蕴、基本特征和构成。本文认为，需要是界定幸福的关键，幸福就是合理需要的有效满足。幸福具有自然需要满足和社会需要满足有机统一、个人幸福和社会幸福有机统一、物质幸福和精神幸福有机统一的多重意蕴。幸福的基本特征是客观性与主观性相统一、绝对性和相对性相统一，个性与共性相统一。幸福的主体是现实世界中的人，客体是物质世界，中介是实践。第三章“幸福的实践生成”。本章探讨在马克思的视野中，幸福在实践过程中的生成发展过程。提出了幸福的生成机理：自由是幸福的前提，异化造成幸福的遮蔽，自主劳动是对异化的克服，人的自由全面发展则是幸福的归宿。马克思认为自由是幸福的前提，是因为在他看来，自由自觉活动是人的类本质，自由是幸福的必要条件。在现实生活中，无产阶级争取政治自由是实现幸福的武器。马克思认为异化是实现幸福的障碍。劳动异化直接让工人感到了不幸，需要异化让人背离了幸福，社会关系的异化则会导致虚假幸福的产生。在马克思看来，只有自主劳动才能克服异化。劳动是满足需要的前提，人只有在劳动中才能体现本质。而人的价值，只有在自主劳动中，才能真正得到体现。对人来说，只有得到自由全面的发展才能到达幸福的归宿。自由全面发展不仅符合人的本质，也是幸福的内在要求，并且是理想社会的标志。第四章“马克思幸福思想的当代启示”。本章试图通过马克思幸福思想作为理论工具，对现实生活中的问题进行解读。这主要包括三个问题，幸福悖论、人与自然的关系，以及马克思幸福思想和中国梦的关系。本文认为，幸福悖论缘于需要悖论。当社会成员能够正确认识合理需要，在注重劳动成果的同时关注劳动过程给人带来的幸福的时候，就能够突破幸福悖论。人是自然的存在物，正确认识人与自然的关系能够实现人与自然的和谐统一。中国梦是马克思幸福思想在当代中国的体现。它立足于马克思主义的科学理论，为中国人民实现幸福指明了方向。结语在总结全文的基础上，对幸福思想的理论研究和中国梦的实现进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Happiness is the ultimate goal of mankind's continuous pursuit. It is the inevitable logic of historical materialism to create a happy life through practical activities. The development process of human history is the process of mankind's continuous and comprehensive development towards freedom in practice, and also the process for mankind to create conditions for the realization of happiness.
The treasure house of Marx's thought is an important source of happiness in contemporary China. Paying attention to people is the inherent requirement of philosophy, and the happiness of people is also the ultimate concern of philosophy. In the theoretical perspective of traditional philosophy, human happiness or merely the satisfaction of material level, or pure abstract rationality, and even happiness in the other side of the world. All these have led to human understanding of happiness unilaterally. Based on historical materialism, Marx has a scientific and profound understanding of the problem of human happiness. It breaks through the one-sided and intuitive nature of the traditional philosophy of happiness. Under the guidance of the theory of Marx's theory, it draws nutrition from the treasure house of Marx's Thought under the background of modern construction. It is necessary to provide theoretical reference for contemporary China's happiness construction.
The full text is divided into six parts. The introduction part mainly introduces the background of the question, the theme of the research, the theoretical and practical significance of the topic, the present situation and evaluation, the basic ideas and methods of the research.
The first chapter "the historical development of Marx's happy thought". This chapter systematically introduces the development origin of the traditional philosophy of happiness and the development track of Marx's happy thought. By revealing the origin and development history of Marx's happy thought, this chapter expounds the key point of the interpretation of Marx's happy thought. This article divides Marx's happiness into inoculation, The five stages of development are the germination, the establishment, the maturity and the search for the realistic path. In each stage of the development, this paper focuses on the selection of a representative work. Around this representative work, this article will give a general introduction to the development of Marx's happy thinking in this stage.
The second chapter "the basic connotation of Marx's happy thought". This chapter systematically interprets Marx's understanding of the problem of happiness, mainly including the definition of happiness, multiple meanings, basic features and composition. This article holds that the need is the key to defining happiness, happiness is the effective satisfaction of reasonable needs. Happiness has natural needs and society. It is necessary to meet the multiple meanings of organic unity, personal happiness and social happiness organic unity, material happiness and spiritual happiness organic unity. The basic characteristics of happiness are the unity of objectivity and subjectivity, unity of absoluteness and relativity, unity of individuality and commonness. The subject of happiness is the human in the real world, the object is the material world, and the intermediary. It is practice.
The third chapter "the creation of happiness in practice". This chapter discusses the formation and development process of happiness in the process of practice in Marx's view. It puts forward the formation mechanism of happiness: freedom is the premise of happiness, alienation causes the shelter of happiness, independent labor is the overcoming of alienation, and the free and comprehensive development of man is the home of happiness. Marx recognition is the result of happiness. Freedom is the premise of happiness, because in his view, free and conscious activity is the essence of human beings. Freedom is the necessary condition for happiness. In real life, the proletariat's struggle for political freedom is a weapon for happiness. Marx thinks alienation is an obstacle to happiness. Deviating from happiness, the alienation of social relations will lead to the emergence of false happiness. In Marx's view, only independent labor can overcome alienation. Labor is the premise to meet the needs, and only in labor can the essence be embodied. Free development is not only consistent with human nature, but also an inherent requirement of happiness, and a symbol of an ideal society.
The fourth chapter "the Contemporary Enlightenment of Marx's happy thought". This chapter attempts to interpret the problems in real life through Marx's happy thought as a theoretical tool. This includes three questions, the paradox of happiness, the relationship between man and nature, and the relationship between Marx's happy thought and the Chinese dream. This article holds that the paradox of happiness is due to the need. Paradox. When members of the society can correctly understand the reasonable needs and pay attention to the results of labor while paying attention to the happiness brought by the labor process, they can break through the paradox of happiness. People are natural beings, and the correct understanding of the relationship between man and nature can realize the harmonious unity of man and nature. The Chinese dream is Marx's happy thought in the case The embodiment of China is based on the scientific theory of Marx, pointing out the direction for the Chinese people to achieve happiness.
On the basis of summing up the whole thesis, the epilogue makes a prospect for the theoretical research of happiness thought and the realization of the Chinese dream.

【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B038;A811

【引证文献】