革命退潮与马克思在民主问题上的立场

发布时间：2018-04-29 10:12

本文选题：革命 + 民主　；参考：《社会科学》2015年12期

【摘要】：在恩格斯1895年完成《卡·马克思〈1848年至1850年的法兰西阶级斗争〉一书导言》之后,开始流行对马克思革命理论的一种新解释,即将马克思的革命理论等同于民主,正如同在1848年革命高潮时期,不少人将马克思的革命理论与暴力革命之间划上等号。可以说,这两种对马克思革命理论的理解都是存在偏差的,其忽略了马克思的革命历史逻辑,即将革命作为全部理论的关键词,民主亦或暴力都是通过革命被赋予内涵的。随着革命形势的变迁以及国别的差异,民主和暴力交替成为无产阶级政治革命的路径选择。60年代之后,民主开始被重新考虑并被置于同暴力相等的地位,改变了革命高潮时期被掩盖的状态。随后,甚至在德国和法国等一贯认为暴力革命不可避免的大陆国家,也出现了由暴力向民主的转向。但是,民主对于暴力的替代倾向并不是否认革命的历史逻辑,革命作为关键词始终被马克思所坚持,民主只有在革命的框架之中才能被赋予内涵,这对于暴力而言同样适用。基于此,民主的强化亦或暴力的弱化,就不会显得突兀和不可理解,也不会带来误解和曲解。
[Abstract]:After Engels completed the introduction of Karl Marx's French Class struggle from 1848 to 1850 in 1895, a new interpretation of Marx's revolutionary theory began to be popular, that is, Marx's revolutionary theory was equated with democracy. Just as at the height of the 1848 revolution, many equated Marx's revolutionary theory with violent revolution. It can be said that these two kinds of understanding of Marx's revolutionary theory have deviations, which ignore Marx's revolutionary historical logic, that is, revolution is the key word of all theories, democracy or violence is endowed with connotation through revolution. With the evolution of the revolutionary situation and the differences between countries, democracy and violence alternated into the path of the proletarian political revolution. After the 1960s, democracy began to be reconsidered and placed on an equal footing with violence. Changed the state of being covered up at the height of the revolution. Then, even in continental countries, such as Germany and France, where violent revolutions have always been inevitable, there has been a shift from violence to democracy. However, the alternative tendency of democracy to violence is not to deny the historical logic of revolution. Revolution as a key word has always been upheld by Marx. Democracy can only be endowed with connotation in the framework of revolution, which is also applicable to violence. Based on this, the strengthening of democracy or the weakening of violence will not appear abrupt and incomprehensible, will not lead to misunderstanding and misinterpretation.
【作者单位】：上海社会科学院中国马克思主义研究所;
【分类号】：A811;D02

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