论马克思拜物教理论的道德批判意义

发布时间：2018-05-14 17:59

本文选题：马克思 + 拜物教理论　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着市场经济的发展，我国社会生活中产生了一系列的道德问题，面对学术界存在的对这此道德问题产生的原因认识不清的现状，本文从道德角度入手，以期通过对拜物教理论道德批判意义的研究，为我们清醒地认识这此道德问题产生的根本原因，克服拜金主义、利己主义、和功利主义等错误的价值取向，促进我国市场经济条件下的道德建设带来启示马克思的拜物教理论在其思想体系中占据着重要地位，国内外很多学者对其进行过深入研究，但是这种研究大多是从唯物史观或者历史现象学的角度对拜物教理论本身进行研究，很少有学者从道德的维度来研究拜物教理论。本文通过对马克思拜物教理论的研究以及对道德的基础和特点的研究，得出结论，道德产生的基础是人与人的交往实践，具有社会性和主体性等特征，而对资本主义社会人与人的异化社会关系的揭露正是马克思拜物教理论的主要内容，在这种异化关系中，人与人的关系被物与物的关系所遮蔽、所统治，人的主体性丧失殆尽，这必然会对道德的基础以及道德的主体性产生巨大的冲击，导致一系列道德问题。本文总共分为三章。第一章总共分为三节，第一二节分别将马克思拜物教理论分成两个阶段来进行论述，即理论铺垫时期的即《资本论》之前的拜物教思想和《资本论》，中的成熟的拜物教理论。第三节论述了《资本论》，中拜物教理的特点，即马克思对资本主义社会中被物所掩盖、所统治的人与人之间的社会关系的揭露过程中体现出来的辩证性、总体性和历史性等特点；第二章为马克思拜物教理论道德批判意义的阐述，分为四节，第一节主要考察了道德的基础以及道德的特点。第二节阐述了马克思在拜物教理论中描述的资本主义社会商品经济中的的拜物教景象，即一个人与人的关系为物与物的关系遮蔽、统治的颠倒的世界。第三节立足于前两节的基础上从两个方面阐述了拜物教对资本主义社会道德产生的冲击。其一，拜物教导致的人与人之间的被物所掩盖所控制的社会关系对道德的基础的冲击；其二，拜物教对道德主体性的隐没。这两个方面的道德冲击最终导致致资本主义社会陷入各种道德危机，表现为功利主义、利己主义以及拜金主义等病态价值取向在资本主义社会的盛行。第四节主要论述了拜物教理论道德批判的特点。第三章主要论述了拜物教道德批判意义给我国市场经济条件下的道德建设带来的启示，这章分为三节论述了我国市场经济条件下社会中存在的一些错误的价值取向。第二节对这些道德问题产生的原因进行了基于拜物教理论的分析。第三节依据拜物教理论道德批判意义研究的启示阐述了走出道德困境的途径。
[Abstract]:With the development of market economy, a series of moral problems have arisen in the social life of our country. In the face of the fact that the academic circles do not have a clear understanding of the causes of this moral problem, this paper starts with the moral point of view. Through the study of the critical significance of fetishism theory, we can soberly understand the root cause of this moral problem and overcome the wrong value orientation of money worship, egoism and utilitarianism. Promoting moral Construction under the condition of Market economy in China Marx's fetishism theory occupies an important position in his ideological system, and many scholars at home and abroad have deeply studied it. But this kind of research is mostly from the historical materialism or historical phenomenology angle carries on the research to the fetishism theory itself, few scholars study the fetishism theory from the moral dimension. Based on the study of Marx's fetishism theory and the basis and characteristics of morality, this paper draws a conclusion that the foundation of morality is the practice of communication between people, which has the characteristics of sociality and subjectivity. And the dissimilation of social relations between people and people in capitalist society is the main content of Marx's fetishism theory. In this kind of alienation relationship, the relationship between people is obscured by the relationship between things and things, and the subjectivity of people is lost. This will inevitably have a great impact on the basis of morality and the subjectivity of morality, leading to a series of moral problems. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is divided into three sections altogether. The first and second section discuss Marx's fetishism theory into two stages, namely, the fetishism thought before the "Capital" period and the mature fetishism theory in the "Capital" period. The third section deals with the characteristics of "Capital", the doctrine of fetishism, that is, the dialectics embodied in Marx's exposure of the social relations between people and people in capitalist society. The second chapter expounds the moral critical significance of Marxist fetishism theory, which is divided into four sections. The first section mainly examines the basis of morality and the characteristics of morality. The second section expounds the fetishism scene in the commodity economy of capitalist society described by Marx in the fetishism theory, that is, the relationship between a person and a person obscured by the relationship between things and things, and the world ruled upside down. The third section, based on the first two sections, expounds the impact of fetishism on capitalist social morality from two aspects. First, the impact of the social relations controlled by fetishism on the basis of morality is concealed by the object between people; the other is the obscurity of fetishism on the subjectivity of morality. These two aspects of moral impact eventually led to the capitalist society into various moral crises, manifested as utilitarianism, egoism and money worship and other pathological value orientation in the capitalist society prevalence. The fourth section mainly discusses the characteristics of fetishism theory and moral criticism. The third chapter mainly discusses the enlightenment brought by the moral criticism of fetishism to the moral construction under the condition of market economy in our country. This chapter is divided into three sections to discuss some wrong value orientations existing in the society under the condition of market economy in our country. The second section analyzes the causes of these moral problems based on fetishism theory. The third section expounds the way out of the moral dilemma according to the enlightenment of the study on the moral critical significance of fetishism theory.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B82-0;A811

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