论费尔巴哈对马克思思想转变的影响

发布时间：2018-05-15 04:05

本文选题：费尔巴哈 + 马克思　；参考：《上海交通大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：马克思与费尔巴哈之间的理论关系一直以来是马克思思想研究的一个重要问题。对于这一疑问的正确解答，不仅可以从一个方面说明马克思哲学创新的本质特征，也可以梳清马克思思想的历程，同时也能回答马克思哲学创立的时代性与必然性。目前，综观对于这一难题的解答，集中于讨论马克思的思想历程中是不是存在着一个费尔巴哈的阶段；而对于引发马克思思想转变过程中的原因及问题缺少分析与批判。因此，在分析马克思思想转变的问题时，更多的应该去发掘马克思思想转变的原因以及其所遇到的现实问题。从费尔巴哈的思想角度去回答马克思所遇到的困惑与现实难题，进而说明费尔巴哈对马克思思想的影响，以及马克思对费尔巴哈的超越是本文写作的基本出发点。本文第一部分在简单叙述了黑格尔对马克思思想影响的基础之上，，主要从马克思本人所提出的三个“物质利益”问题出发，一方面着重分析这些现实问题在当时马克思思想中所产生的矛盾和可能解决的出路；另一方面去揭示占据马克思思想主导地位的黑格尔哲学在解决这些问题时所表现出的偏面与荒谬。从而迫使马克思不得不对自己的思想做一个清算，对黑格尔的哲学作一个重新的理解和反思。第二部分首先总结马克思思想困惑的三个方面内容：一是对黑格尔哲学世界观的困惑；二是对“物质利益”问题与“自我意识”关系的困惑；三是对旧制度的批判与新制度的构建的困惑。然后阐述了费尔巴哈哲学的主要思想以及其哲学的主要地位和影响的时间。最后叙述出费尔巴哈的哲学对于当时马克思思想中存在的困惑与疑难的解答所给予的帮助和指引。第三部分主要叙述费尔巴哈的思想在解决马克思所遇到的问题所表现出的不足和弊端。马克思要真正解决自己所遇到的“物质利益”问题，就要创立一种新的理论去解释这些问题。这样也就迫使马克思在哲学、经济学、未来社会走向三个方面去扬弃和超越费尔巴哈的思想。小结部分在批判了马克思的思想历程中是不是存在着费尔巴哈阶段的观点之后，主要是综述了费尔巴哈对马克思思想转变影响的表现方面。这些表现在世界观、“异化”与人本主义哲学、类本质问题、未来社会走向上的思考，是费尔巴哈对马克思思想转变中的基本影响点。
[Abstract]:The theoretical relationship between Marx and Feuerbach has always been an important issue in the study of Marx's thought. The correct answer to this question can not only explain the essential characteristics of Marx's philosophy innovation from one aspect, but also comb the course of Marx's thought, at the same time, it can answer the epoch and inevitability of Marx's philosophy's creation. At present, the solution to this problem is focused on the discussion of whether there is a stage of Feuerbach in Marx's ideological process, and the lack of analysis and criticism of the causes and problems in the process of causing Marx's ideological transformation. Therefore, when analyzing the problem of Marx's thought change, we should explore the reason of Marx's thought change and the realistic problem. From the perspective of Feuerbach's thought, the author answers the puzzles and practical problems encountered by Marx, and then explains the influence of Feuerbach on Marx's thought, and Marx's transcendence to Feuerbach is the basic starting point of this article's writing. The first part of this paper, on the basis of briefly describing the influence of Hegel on Marx's thought, mainly starts from the three "material interests" questions put forward by Marx himself. On the one hand, it focuses on the analysis of the contradictions and possible solutions of these realistic problems in Marx's thoughts at that time; On the other hand, it reveals the deviation and absurdity of Hegel's philosophy in solving these problems. Thus, Marx had to make a liquidation of his own thoughts and a new understanding and reflection on Hegel's philosophy. The second part first summarizes the three aspects of Marx's ideological confusion: first, the confusion about Hegel's philosophical world outlook, the second, the confusion about the relationship between "material interests" and "self-consciousness"; Third, the criticism of the old system and the confusion of the construction of the new system. Then it expounds the main thought of Feuerbach's philosophy and the time of its main position and influence. Finally, the author describes the help and guidance of Feuerbach's philosophy to the answers to the puzzles and puzzles existing in Marx's thought at that time. The third part mainly narrates Feuerbach's thought in solving the problems encountered by Marx. Marx must create a new theory to explain these problems. In this way, Marx was forced to abandon and transcend Feuerbach's thought in philosophy, economics and future society. After criticizing whether Feuerbach stage exists in the course of Marx's thought, the summary mainly summarizes Feuerbach's influence on the change of Marx's thought. The basic influence of Feuerbach on the transformation of Marx's thought is reflected in the world outlook, alienation and humanism philosophy, as well as the question of the nature of the class and the trend of the society in the future.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811;B516.36

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