费尔巴哈宗教批判对马克思创立唯物史观的影响

发布时间：2018-05-31 16:35

本文选题：费尔巴哈 + 宗教批判　；参考：《安徽师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：费尔巴哈是站在人本唯物主义的立场上批判宗教的。人本唯物主义在批判宗教的过程中展开为自然主义、类本质和感性直观三个特征。费尔巴哈考察了宗教产生的原因，驳斥了“宗教情感天赋论”和“宗教产生偶然论”，认为人的依赖感是宗教产生的原因，并指出宗教是对人的本质的异化。费尔巴哈的人本主义批判有着很大的张力，他认为人的依赖感和人的自我感既是对立的范畴，又在利己主义原则中得到了有机的统一。显然，费尔巴哈对马克思的影响是巨大的。费尔巴哈“颠倒过来”的研究方法、批判宗教时的人本主义立场，曾令马克思欣赏不已，于是马克思思想史的发展进程中经历了一个“费尔巴哈阶段”，青年马克思在描述人类未来社会的蓝图时的理论之一就是人道主义，这里的人道主义的思想内核是费尔巴哈的人本思想。马克思在经历了两年的“费尔巴哈阶段”之后开始了对费尔巴哈的超越，马克思在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中全面批判了费尔巴哈的宗教观和人本唯物主义方法的局限性。《德意志意识形态》中的第一章《费尔巴哈》是《提纲》的展开，在这一章里，马克思深刻地批判了费尔巴哈的自然观和认识社会的唯心史观，以人的实践活动为中心，，创造了唯物史观。文章分为三个部分：第一部分介绍费尔巴哈宗教批判的人本唯物主义立场和采取的人本主义方法；第二部分论述费尔巴哈人本主义宗教批判对马克思的影响，最后一部分论述马克思在《提纲》和《形态》中，通过对费尔巴哈人本主义的批判和超越，最终创立了唯物史观。
[Abstract]:Feuerbach criticizes religion from the standpoint of humanistic materialism. In the process of criticizing religion, humanism is characterized by naturalism, quasi-essence and perceptual intuition. Feuerbach examines the causes of religion, refutes "the theory of religious emotional gift" and "the theory of religious accident", holds that human dependence is the cause of religion, and points out that religion is the alienation of human nature. Feuerbach's criticism of humanism has great tension. He holds that the sense of dependence and the sense of self of man are not only opposite categories, but also organically unified in the principle of egoism. Apparently, Feuerbach's influence on Marx was enormous. Feuerbach's research method of "reversing" and the humanistic stand in criticizing religion had been appreciated by Marx, so Marx experienced a "Feuerbach stage" in the development of his ideological history. One of the theories of young Marx describing the blueprint of future human society is humanitarianism, the core of which is Feuerbach's humanism. After two years of "Feuerbach stage," Marx began to transcend Feuerbach. In the outline of Feuerbach, Marx criticizes the limitations of Feuerbach's religious view and humanist materialism. The first chapter of German ideology < Feuerbach > is the development of the outline. In this chapter, Marx deeply criticized Feuerbach's view of nature and social idealism and created historical materialism. The article is divided into three parts: the first part introduces Feuerbach's humanistic materialist stand and humanistic method, the second part discusses the influence of Feuerbach's humanistic religious criticism on Marx. The last part discusses Marx's criticism and transcendence of Feuerbach humanism in outline and form, and finally establishes historical materialism.
【学位授予单位】：安徽师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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