马克思的个体性思想及意义研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 22:22

本文选题：马克思 + 个体性思想　；参考：《山西大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文是针对马克思的个体性思想的研究。个体性问题在西方哲学史上不仅是-个重要的问题,而且也是一个备受关注的问题。从古希腊时期对个体性问题的论述,经过基督教近千年的教化,个体性问题一直局限在哲学形而上学领域里,可是这种局限到后来发生了一个重要的转变。这种转变是在文艺复兴的时候才开始的,即对个体性思想的关注转向了对人自身的重视。在伴随着科学技术的不断发展和资本主义经济在全球的迅速崛起的同时,世界历史也随之发生了重大的改变,翻开了新的篇章。与此同时,“个人的历史”也终于被人们所发现,予以重视。然而,不管是从理论上来看还是从现实来衡量和分析,个人都很难从柏拉图的“双重世界”中脱离出来。德国古典哲学家在现代文明的发展中认识到了这种悖论,提出了“世界公民”说,揭示出历史的个性与历史的普遍必然性之间形成对抗性关系,然而,最终他们针对这种对抗性所做的调整结果仍然是用牺牲感性个体为代价来换取思辨的逻辑体系的地位。马克思提出个体性思想,是对这种悖论最直接和最为有力的应答。马克思把个体性思想建立在实现人的个性自由和全面发展的基础之上,因为社会历史发展的一个最重要标准就是通过个性的解放、个性的发展程度来衡量。文章通过对马克思的个体性思想的研究,肯定个体在社会历史发展中的动力作用,进而充分阐明马克思的个体性思想的内涵及其现实意义。文章共分三部分。第一章主要论述哲学研究的一个重要课题——个体性。具体分三个时期论述不同时期哲学家的个体性思想。其一是从古希腊到文艺复兴时期的个体性思想的发展概述；其二是德国古典哲学家的个体性思想；其三是马克思的个体性思想的历史发展过程。第二章重点研究马克思的个体性思想的理论内涵。具体阐述了作为个体存在的人的本质；个人是社会的基础、出发点和目的；个性发展是人的自由和解放的前提；个人的发展程度体现社会的发展程度。第三章从三个方面论述了马克思的个体性思想的现实意义。一方面,马克思的个体性思想是以人为本思想的理论基础。另一方面,落实马克思的个体性思想有助于实现科学发展观的目标。最后马克思的个体性思想也为我们提供衡量社会发展状况的一个尺度。
[Abstract]:This article is aimed at Marx's individual thought research. The question of individuality is not only an important issue in the history of western philosophy, but also a subject of great concern. From the ancient Greek period to the discussion of the individual problem, through the Christianity nearly thousand years of enlightenment, the individual question has been confined in the philosophy metaphysics domain, but this kind of limitation has taken place an important transformation later. This transformation began in the Renaissance, that is, the focus on individuality turned to the attention of people themselves. With the continuous development of science and technology and the rapid rise of capitalist economy in the world, the world history has also undergone great changes and opened a new chapter. At the same time, personal history has finally been discovered and valued. However, it is difficult for individuals to be separated from Plato's "double world", whether in theory or in reality. German classical philosophers realized this paradox in the development of modern civilization, put forward the theory of "world citizen", and revealed the antagonistic relationship between historical individuality and the universal inevitability of history. In the end, their adjustment to this antagonism is still at the expense of sentimental individuals in exchange for the status of speculative logic. Marx's idea of individuality is the most direct and powerful response to this paradox. Marx based his individual thought on the realization of human personality freedom and all-round development, because one of the most important criteria of social and historical development is the liberation of personality and the degree of personality development. Through the study of Marx's individual thought, this paper affirms the dynamic function of individual in the development of social history, and then fully clarifies the connotation and practical significance of Marx's individual thought. The article is divided into three parts. The first chapter mainly discusses an important subject of philosophical research-individuality. It is divided into three periods to discuss the individual thought of philosophers in different periods. One is an overview of the development of individualism from ancient Greece to the Renaissance; the other is the individualism of German classical philosophers; the third is the historical development of Marx's individualism. The second chapter focuses on the theoretical connotation of Marx's individual thought. It expounds the essence of human being as an individual, the foundation of society, the starting point and purpose of society, the development of personality is the premise of human freedom and liberation, and the degree of individual development reflects the degree of social development. The third chapter discusses the practical significance of Marx's individual thought from three aspects. On the one hand, Marx's thought of individuality is the theoretical basis of the thought of people-oriented. On the other hand, carrying out Marx's individual thought is helpful to realize the goal of scientific development view. Finally, Marx's individual thought also provides us with a measure of social development.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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