马克思恩格斯生态思想对中国生态文明建设的启示

发布时间：2018-06-14 16:25

本文选题：人 + 自然　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：早在19世纪马克思恩格斯已经敏锐地意识到生态问题的严重性并前瞻性地提出了生态文明思想。这些富有前瞻性的思想跨越时空,为进行社会主义生态文明建设,全面建成小康社会而努力的中国,提供了坚实的理论指导和世界观、价值观上的启示。同样,他们的思想对全人类正确看待和处理人与自然的关系,以及解决当代人类所面临的生态危机都有着不可忽视的作用。正如弗罗洛夫所表达的观点一样,虽然人类历史发展到今天,社会环境和自然环境都发生了巨大的变化,但是马克思恩格斯对于人与自然关系的辩证看法,以及如何正确协调人、自然、社会从而解决生态问题的办法,在今天仍然没有过时,依然是有用的。中国在改革开放之后,由于国家和社会的重心都倾向于经济的发展,使得国内学术界也将目光的焦点投放到政治、经济、文化领域,纷纷从这些角度出来来分析和研究马克思恩格斯的思想,目的是从中寻找能够指导中国进行社会主义现代化建设的思想和理论,而鲜有学者对马克思恩格斯思想中的生态观点给予关注和研究。从20时间30年代开始,生态学马克思主义在西方兴起,并且迅速地被介绍到了中国,从20时间80年代开始国内的学者开始逐渐重视马克思恩格斯的生态观点,这一时期主要是停留在对西方生态学马克思主义理论的一些分析和研究,随着分析和研究的深入,马克思恩格斯的生态观点成为了理论界当前所研究的热点之一。十七大报告中,社会主义生态文明作为全面建设小康社会的新目标而首次被提了出来,十八大报告更是将生态文明建设提高到前所未有的高度,这进一步推动了对马克思恩格斯生态思想的研究。中国自改革开放之后,生产力得到极大的解放,人民群众的物质文化水平极大提高,但是在经济发展取得巨大成就的同时,不可避免地也带来了一系列的环境生态问题。诸多的生态环境问题在当前已经成为了制约我们国家经济、社会和谐发展的瓶颈。因此,严峻的生态危机迫使人们必须在理论上解决经济建设和环境保护的关系问题,从意识层面上去唤醒人们对于环境问题的认识和觉悟。本文主要从马克思恩格斯的经典著作中探寻它们的生态观点,通过分析和归纳系统地将其整理为生态自然观、经济观、社会观和伦理观。并且对马克思恩格斯的生态观在中国的发展,这主要是改革开放之后中国领导集体在生态建设方面的探索和实践进行了阐述和分析。本文摒弃了以前直接挪用西方社会的环境伦理理论来考察中国环境问题的方法,直接从马克思恩格斯的生态视角出发对中国的生态问题进行再认识,从而为中国的生态文明建设提出可供借鉴的理论和方法。
[Abstract]:As early as the 19th century, Marx and Engels had been acutely aware of the seriousness of ecological problems and put forward the thought of ecological civilization. These forward-looking thoughts span time and space and provide solid theoretical guidance and enlightenment on world outlook and values for the construction of socialist ecological civilization and the building of a well-off society in an all-round way in China. In the same way, their thoughts play an important role in treating and dealing with the relationship between man and nature and in solving the ecological crisis faced by human beings. As expressed by Frolov, although human history has developed to today, the social environment and natural environment have undergone tremendous changes, but Marx and Engels' dialectical views on the relationship between man and nature have taken place. And how to properly coordinate, natural, and social solutions to ecological problems is still not out of date today, still useful. After China's reform and opening up, because the focus of the country and society has tended to the development of the economy, the domestic academic circles have also focused their attention on the political, economic and cultural fields. One after another, they came out from these angles to analyze and study Marx and Engels' ideas, in order to find out from them ideas and theories that could guide China's socialist modernization drive. Few scholars pay attention to and study the ecological viewpoint of Marx and Engels. From the 1920s to the 1930s, ecological Marxism rose in the West and was introduced to China quickly. Since the 1980s, domestic scholars have gradually attached importance to Marx and Engels' ecological views. During this period, it was mainly focused on the analysis and study of western ecological Marxist theory. With the deepening of analysis and research, Marx and Engels' ecological view has become one of the hot spots in the theoretical circle at present. In the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the socialist ecological civilization was put forward for the first time as a new goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China raised the construction of ecological civilization to an unprecedented level. This further promoted the study of Marx and Engels' ecological thought. Since China's reform and opening up, the productive forces have been greatly liberated, and the material and cultural level of the people has been greatly improved. However, while the economic development has made great achievements, it has inevitably brought a series of environmental and ecological problems. Many ecological environmental problems have become the bottleneck restricting our national economy and social harmonious development. Therefore, the severe ecological crisis forces people to solve the relationship between economic construction and environmental protection in theory, and to awaken people's understanding and awareness of environmental problems from the level of consciousness. This paper mainly explores their ecological viewpoints from Marx and Engels' classic works, and systematically arranges them into ecological natural, economic, social and ethical views through analysis and induction. And the development of Marx and Engels' ecological view in China, which is mainly the exploration and practice of Chinese collective leadership in ecological construction after the reform and opening up. This paper abandons the previous methods of directly misappropriating the environmental ethics theory of the western society to examine the environmental problems in China, and reunderstands the ecological problems of China directly from the ecological perspective of Marx and Engels. Thus, the theory and method for the construction of ecological civilization in China can be used for reference.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X321;A811

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