马克思拜物教思想与人的解放

发布时间：2018-06-15 12:15

本文选题：商品拜物教 + 货币拜物教　；参考：《兰州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：马克思拜物教思想的成熟经历了漫长的过程,《资本论》第一章中的拜物教思想是一种成熟的表达。早在《论犹太人问题》中,马克思就开始注意到金钱在犹太人生活中的地位和作用,到《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中就已经深刻认识到人在世俗世界的异化现象,他认为最严重的异化现象就是劳动异化,并就如何摆脱异化作出了初步思考。之后,马克思在《德意志意识形态》和《共产党宣言》中对颠倒了的世界发表了自己的看法,并就如何将颠倒了的世界再颠倒过来做了理论上的探讨,认为只有在满足一定条件的前提下,通过共产主义运动才能使劳动者重新占有自己的本质。随着马克思经济学思维的成熟,他越来越意识到实证分析对政治经济学研究的重要性,可以说,马克思在《1857-1858年经济学手稿》和《1861-1863年经济学手稿》中较为系统地回顾了物化的社会现实,并就如何获得人的解放的路径问题做了新的解释。这些前《资本论》时期的经典文献是我们追踪马克思拜物教思想成型的标杆性文献,也可以说,这些就是《资本论》中拜物教思想得以形成的理论准备。我们可以将《资本论》中的拜物教思想视为马克思对前《资本论》时期的思想的一次批判性总结,他在这里完整地提出了商品拜物教、货币拜物教和资本拜物教思想。他辩证地审视商品、货币和资本这种“物”对社会生产方式和人的思想意识所产生影响,既肯定它们对主客观世界的塑造作用,同时也批判性地指出“物”给世俗世界所带来的负面影响。马克思在这些文献中对“物”的世界的批判、对人的本质的把握,以及他在思想上对沉迷于“物”的世界的人们追求解放的启迪,都是本文着力研究和加以阐释的内容。通过对上述问题的把握,本文对拜物教现象做出了回应,认为拜物教是实现人的解放的障碍,马克思的拜物教思想可以就如何占有人的本质、如何实现人的解放的问题上给予理论启示：我们只有重新占有劳动,实现对商品、货币和资本等“物”的扬弃,我们才能占有人的本质,最终实现人的解放。
[Abstract]:The maturation of Marx's fetishism has gone through a long process, and the fetishism in the first chapter of Capital is a mature expression. As early as in "on the Jewish problem", Marx began to pay attention to the position and function of money in Jewish life, and in the manuscript of Economics and philosophy of 1844, he had deeply realized the alienation phenomenon of man in the secular world. He thinks that the most serious phenomenon of alienation is labor alienation, and makes a preliminary thinking on how to get rid of alienation. Later, Marx expressed his views on the upside down world in the German ideology and the Communist Manifesto, and made a theoretical discussion on how to turn the upside down world again. Only when certain conditions are satisfied, can the workers regain their essence through the communist movement. With the maturity of Marx's economic thinking, he becomes more and more aware of the importance of empirical analysis to the study of political economy. Marx systematically reviewed the social reality of materialization in < 1857-1858 economic manuscripts and 1861-1863 economic manuscripts, and made a new explanation on how to obtain the path of human liberation. These classic documents of the period before "Capital" are the benchmark documents that we follow the formation of Marx's fetishism thought, and it can be said that these are the theoretical preparations for the formation of fetishism thought in "Capital". We can regard the fetishism thought in Capital as a critical summary of Marx's thought in the previous period, where he put forward the ideas of commodity fetishism, money fetishism and capital fetishism. He dialectically examined the influence of goods, money and capital on social production and people's ideology, and affirmed their role in shaping the subjective and objective world. At the same time, it also critically points out the negative effects of "things" on the secular world. Marx's criticism of the world of "things" in these documents, his grasp of the essence of human beings, and his ideological enlightenment to the people who indulge in the world of "things" are all the contents of this paper to study and explain. By grasping the above problems, this paper responds to the phenomenon of fetishism, and holds that fetishism is the obstacle to the liberation of human beings. Marx's fetishism thought can take possession of the essence of human beings. How to realize the liberation of human beings gives theoretical enlightenment: only when we repossess labor and realize the sublation of goods, money and capital, can we possess the essence of human beings and finally realize the liberation of human beings.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

【参考文献】