论马克思的正义观及其当代价值

发布时间：2018-06-23 13:09

本文选题：马克思 + 正义观　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：正义，作为人类最高的价值理想与现实追求，是人所特有的对自身的存在方式与存在价值的反思，也往往代表着人对于自身的生存状态与现实的社会关系的不满与忧虑。而马克思本人尽管没有将正义问题置于专门的著作之中进行讨论，但是在其很多著作中却表达了关于正义的看法。因此，本文通过对马克思的部分著作以及相关材料进行解读，以其从中归纳整理出马克思关于正义思想的相关论述。在人们对正义进行不断追求的过程之中，形成了各种不同形态的正义理论。马克思正义观的形成就是对西方政治思想传统进行批判性继承的结果，，其中，西方自然法学派与哲理法学派的部分观点对马克思的影响最为深刻，并构成了马克思正义观的主要思想来源。而在此前提下，马克思本人对于正义问题的看法也并非是一成不变的，就“正义”本身在其思想历程中的遭遇来看，其正义观的形成大致经历了三个历史时期：(1)从博士论文到《莱茵报》时期；(2)从《黑格尔法哲学批判》至《1844年经济学哲学手稿》时期；(3)历史唯物主义时期。三个不同的时期代表着马克思的正义观从探索、发展到成熟的一个历史性的生成过程。正是基于历史唯物主义对之前正义思想所进行的批判与消解，马克思最终确立了自己的正义观：正义是一个历史的范畴，是随着社会的发展而不断发展的，在阶级社会里，具有鲜明的阶级性；作为一种价值目标，实现全人类的自由和平等是正义的根本要求；作为一种制度设计，实现私有制完全消亡的共产主义社会是正义的最高目的。并且，马克思的正义观与那种抽象的正义观有着根本的区别，它具有现实性、阶级性和历史性的特点，从而将正义的崇高理想与唯物的历史精神融为一体，这就使得马克思的正义观有了全面系统的科学解释力和长久不衰的旺盛生命力。所以，重新思考马克思的正义理论，实现对马克思正义观的正确理解，并以此为基础真正实现马克思正义观的当代性，对于我们今天构建社会主义和谐社会也依然有着重要的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Justice, as the highest value ideal and realistic pursuit of human being, is the reflection of man's own way of existence and value of existence, and it often represents people's dissatisfaction and anxiety about their living state and realistic social relations. Although Marx himself did not discuss the issue of justice in his special works, he expressed his views on justice in many of his works. Therefore, through the interpretation of some of Marx's works and related materials, this paper sums up the relevant exposition of Marx's thought of justice. In the process of people's pursuit of justice, various forms of justice theory have been formed. The formation of Marx's view of justice is the result of critically inheriting the tradition of western political thought. Among them, some views of western schools of natural law and philosophical law have the most profound influence on Marx. It also constitutes the main thought source of Marx's view of justice. Under this premise, Marx's own views on the issue of justice are not static. From the point of view of the experience of "justice" itself in the course of its thought, The formation of his view of justice has generally experienced three historical periods: (1) from his doctoral thesis to the period of "Rhinelia"; (2) from "criticism of Hegel's philosophy of Law" to "manuscripts of Economics and philosophy" in 1844; (3) the period of historical materialism. Three different periods represent a historical process from exploration to maturity of Marx's view of justice. It is on the basis of historical materialism that he criticizes and dispels the thought of justice before, Marx finally established his own view of justice: Justice is a historical category, which develops with the development of society, in the class society, As a kind of value goal, it is the fundamental requirement of justice to realize the freedom and equality of all mankind. As a kind of system design, it is the supreme aim of justice to realize the communist society in which private ownership completely dies. Moreover, Marx's view of justice is fundamentally different from that of the abstract view of justice. It has the characteristics of reality, class and history, thus integrating the lofty ideal of justice with the historical spirit of materialism. This makes Marx's view of justice have a comprehensive and systematic scientific interpretation and long-lasting vitality. Therefore, we should rethink Marx's theory of justice, realize the correct understanding of Marx's view of justice, and take this as the basis to truly realize the contemporary nature of Marx's view of justice. It still has important guiding significance for us to build a harmonious socialist society today.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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