马克思恩格斯的生态哲学思想及其启示

发布时间：2018-06-26 17:39

本文选题：生态哲学思想 + 生态危机　；参考：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着环境恶化、生态失衡、资源贫乏、人被异化等人类生存困境的突现,长期以来,一直被人们忽视或误解的马克思恩格斯的生态哲学思想逐渐受到重视：马恩的文本中虽然没有明确系统地阐述生态哲学思想,但仔细推敲,他们的文本中却蕴含着丰富的生态哲学思想,并且其对当今人类所面临的生存困境的解决有重要的借鉴与指导意义。马克思恩格斯的生态哲学思想是资本主义工业初期的产物,且其与伊壁鸠鲁、黑格尔、费尔巴哈及安德森、李比希、达尔文有一定的理论渊源。人、自然、社会是马克思恩格斯生态哲学思想的有机组成部分,马克思恩格斯把它们当作一个有机整体且认为它们处于动态平衡之中。马克思恩格斯以敏锐的洞察力觉察到了资本主义工业初期潜在的生态危机,并把生态问题放在社会历史条件下且与资本主义制度联系起来进行考察。此外,他们对解决生态危机的途径也进行了多方面的探讨,并提出了一些富有借鉴意义的方法。生态危机因实践活动而产生,也只有通过实践才能解决；人、自然、社会是一个大的生态系统,生态危机的解决就是要实现人一自然一社会和谐共生,因此,和谐性、实践性、系统性是马克思恩格斯生态哲学思想的三大特点。而当今,大气污染严重、淡水资源频频告急、土地资源日益退化、海洋环境严重污染、生物多样性锐减、自然灾害频繁……人与自然的对立已达到了极限,全球性生态危机严重危胁人类的生存与发展。因此我们需要从哲学的高度对生态危机进行反思,并把马克思恩格斯的生态哲学思想与当今现实相结合,力求从马克思恩格斯的生态哲学思想中寻求解决生态危机的契机,突破制约当今人类生存与发展的“瓶颈问题”,从而实现人一自然一社会和谐共生。
[Abstract]:With the deterioration of the environment, the ecological imbalance, the scarcity of resources, the alienation of human beings and other human survival difficulties, for a long time, Marx and Engels' thought of ecological philosophy, which has been neglected or misunderstood by people, has been paid more and more attention to: although there is no clear and systematic elaboration of the thought of ecological philosophy in the text of Marx and Engels, it is carefully scrutinized. However, their texts contain rich ecological philosophy thoughts, and they have important reference and guidance significance for the solution of the survival dilemma that human beings are facing today. Marx and Engels' ecological philosophy is the product of capitalist industry in the early stage, and it has certain theoretical origins with Epicurus, Hegel, Feuerbach and Anderson, Libich and Darwin. Man, nature and society are the organic components of Marx and Engels' ecological philosophy. Marx and Engels regarded them as an organic whole and considered them to be in dynamic balance. Marx and Engels were aware of the potential ecological crisis in the early stage of capitalist industry with keen insight, and put the ecological problem under the social and historical conditions and studied it in connection with the capitalist system. In addition, they also discussed the ways to solve the ecological crisis in many aspects, and put forward some useful methods. Ecological crisis can only be solved by practice. Man, nature and society are a large ecosystem. The solution of ecological crisis is to realize harmony and symbiosis between man and nature and society. Systematization is the three characteristics of Marx and Engels' ecological philosophy. Nowadays, the air pollution is serious, the fresh water resources are urgent frequently, the land resources are degraded day by day, the marine environment is polluted seriously, the biodiversity is reduced sharply, and the natural disasters are frequent. The antagonism between man and nature has reached its limit, and the global ecological crisis threatens the survival and development of mankind. Therefore, we need to reflect on the ecological crisis from the perspective of philosophy, combine Marx and Engels' ecological philosophy with the present reality, and seek the opportunity to solve the ecological crisis from Marx and Engels' ecological philosophy. Breaking through the "bottleneck problem" which restricts the human existence and development, and realizing the harmonious symbiosis of man-nature-society.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811;X2

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