马克思主义“社会公仆”理论的研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 10:26

本文选题：“社会公仆” + 轴心　；参考：《南京师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：马克思、恩格斯根据唯物主义历史观和巴黎公社革命的实践,首创了无产阶级“社会公仆”的理论。其主要内容包括“社会公仆”是实现人的解放的“心脏”,实行选举制、撤换制和低薪制,防止“社会公仆”变为“社会主人”。1917年十月革命胜利之后,列宁结合苏维埃政权建设的实践发展和丰富了马克思的“社会公仆”理论。他提出,苏维埃政权的本质就是由“社会公仆”代表人民管理国家,为使苏维埃政权保持它的本质特征,必须采取强有力的措施,防止“社会公仆”变为“社会主人”。毛泽东的“社会公仆”理论要求“社会公仆”要走群众路线,全心全意为人民服务,同时还要接受来自社会各个方面的监督。当代中国共产党人在改革开放过程中发展了经典作家“社会公仆”的理论。邓小平提出“领导就是服务”的思想,认为“四化”是选拔合格“社会公仆”的标准,强调加强对“社会公仆”监督制度的建设。江泽民的“社会公仆”理论主要是：“国家机关和国家工作人员要当好人民的公仆”,“人民的公仆有责任为国家的主人解除后顾之忧”,“人民的公仆必须受到人民和法律的监督”。胡锦涛的“社会公仆”理论主要是：“党的各级领导干部是人民的公仆”,“树立公仆意识,牢记全心全意为人民服务的宗旨”,“领导干部是人民的公仆,一言一行必须受到党和人民监督”。从经典作家到当代中国共产党人,马克思主义“社会公仆”理论演进的轴心可以概括为：“社会公仆”要处理好与人民群众的关系,解决好为谁服务的问题；“社会公仆”的选拔任用要规范化,解决好靠谁施政的问题；“社会公仆”要善于社会管理,解决好怎样施政的问题。看马克思主义“社会公仆”理论的发展脉络,可以发现此理论的特点,即原则与立场一致——“社会公仆”代表广大人民群众的根本利益；发展与完善同步——“社会公仆”要接受来自各个方面的监督。
[Abstract]:Marx and Engels initiated the theory of proletarian "social public servant" according to the historical materialism and the practice of the Paris Commune Revolution. Its main contents include "social public servants" as the "heart" of human liberation, the implementation of the electoral system, the abolition system and the low pay system, so as to prevent the "social public servants" from becoming "social masters." after the victory of the October Revolution in 1917, Lenin developed and enriched Marx's theory of "social servant" in combination with the practice of Soviet regime construction. He put forward that the essence of Soviet regime is that the "social public servant" manages the country on behalf of the people. In order to make the Soviet regime maintain its essential characteristics, it is necessary to take strong measures to prevent the "social public servant" from becoming "the social master". Mao Zedong's theory of "social public servant" requires "social public servant" to follow the mass line, serve the people wholeheartedly and accept supervision from all aspects of the society at the same time. In the process of reform and opening up, the contemporary Chinese Communists developed the theory of "social public servant". Deng Xiaoping puts forward the idea of "leadership is service", holds that "four modernizations" is the standard of selecting qualified "social public servants", and emphasizes on strengthening the construction of supervision system of "social public servants". Jiang Zemin's theory of "social public servant" is mainly as follows: "State organs and state functionaries should be good public servants of the people", "the public servants of the people have the responsibility to relieve the worries of the masters of the country". The public servants of the people must be supervised by the people and the law. Hu Jintao's theory of "social public servant" is mainly as follows: "leading cadres at all levels of the Party are public servants of the people", "establishing the consciousness of public servants and keeping in mind the purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly", "leading cadres are public servants of the people," Words and deeds must be supervised by the Party and the people. " From the classical writers to the contemporary Chinese Communists, the axis of the evolution of Marxist theory of "social public servants" can be summarized as follows: "social public servants" should deal well with the relations with the masses of the people and solve the problem of who to serve; The selection and appointment of "social public servants" should be standardized in order to solve the problem of depending on whom to administer, and the "social public servants" should be good at social management and solve the problem of how to administer well. Looking at the development of Marxist theory of "social public servant", we can find the characteristics of this theory, that is, the principle is consistent with the stand-"social public servant" represents the fundamental interests of the broad masses of the people; Development and perfection synchronization-"public servants" should be subject to supervision from all aspects.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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