列宁早期俄国资本主义发展思想研究

发布时间：2018-07-11 12:24

本文选题：列宁 + 俄国资本主义　；参考：《南京师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：1893年至1914年第一次世界大战前,列宁创造性地将马克思主义基本原理运用于俄国,切实考察了俄国资本主义形成和发展的过程,解决了资本主义在俄国能不能发展和怎样发展的问题,形成了俄国资本主义发展的思想。这一思想不仅构成列宁主义的基础篇,而且上承马克思恩格斯资本主义发展理论,下启列宁社会主义建设理论,在马克思主义发展史上有着重要的历史地位。本文由点及面,从内在和外在两个方面系统梳理和阐述列宁早期俄国资本主义发展思想,不但突出这一思想体系内各个方面内容间的逻辑层次,而且注重考察这一思想与列宁其它理论间的关系,力求突破学界已有的点、线式研究；由表及里,从世界观和价值观的角度去考察列宁评论俄国资本主义发展问题的特点,剖析列宁思想的学术性与政治性相结合的特点,力求避免将无产阶级革命家的政治性思想单纯学术化。俄国资本主义发展问题可归结为“是什么”、“为什么”和“怎么样”三大问题。在“是什么”和“为什么”的问题上,列宁阐发了关于俄国资本主义发展的可能性、必然性、历史进步性以及俄国资本主义具有深刻的社会矛盾的思想。这是列宁对“俄国资本主义的命运”问题的科学解答,它批评和否定了俄国民粹派的“非资本主义道路”理论,驳斥了俄国“合法马克思主义”者对资本主义的辩护及对马克思主义学说的攻击。在“怎么样”的问题上,列宁认为俄国资本主义的特点在于落后,原因在于俄国残存着与资本主义不相容的旧制度即农奴制残余。基于社会生产力发展的速度和最大限度维护广大劳动群众的利益,列宁主张俄国资本主义走农民的“美国式”的即革命的发展道路。总的来看,列宁关于俄国资本主义发展的思想有三个特点,即：从社会经济现实出发谈俄国资本主义的必然性；从历史的观点出发论俄国资本主义进步性；从无产者的立场出发分析俄国资本主义的矛盾。这种分析和研究问题的方法及其价值取向贯穿于列宁主义的始终。可以说,新经济政策时期,列宁利用资本主义发展社会主义的思想灵感源自于早期对俄国资本主义的研究和认识,二者在内在逻辑上有高度一致性,在历史发展上有高度的承继性。列宁对俄国资本主义的肯定与否定,揭示了经济文化落后国家对待资本主义的应有态度,为我们研究和正确处理社会主义与资本主义的关系提供重要的现实启示。
[Abstract]:Before the first World War from 1893 to 1914, Lenin creatively applied the basic principles of Marx doctrine to Russia. It investigated the process of the formation and development of Russian capitalism, solved the problem of how capitalism could develop and develop in Russia, and formed the thought of the development of Russian capitalism. The foundation of Lenin's doctrine, and the theory of Marx Engels's capitalist development, and the theory of Lenin's socialist construction, have an important historical position in the history of Marx's doctrine.
This article from the point and the surface, from two aspects of the internal and external system to systematically comb and elaborate Lenin's early Russian capitalist development thought, not only highlight the logical level between all aspects of this ideological system, but also pay attention to the relationship between this thought and other theories of Lenin, and strive to break through the existing points of the academic circles, line type research; from the table. From the perspective of world outlook and values, this paper examines the characteristics of Lenin's comment on the development of Russian capitalism, analyzes the characteristics of the combination of the academic and political nature of Lenin's thought, and tries to avoid the simple academic thought of the political thought of the proletarian revolutionaries.
The problem of the development of Russian capitalism can be attributed to "what is", "why" and "how". On the question of "what is" and "why", Lenin elucidated the possibility, inevitability, historical progressiveness of Russian capitalism and the profound social contradiction of Russian capitalism. This is Lenin's scientific answer to the "fate of Russian capitalism". It criticizes and denies the "non capitalist road" theory of Russian nationals, refutes the defense of capitalism and the attack on Marx doctrine by the Russian "legitimate Marx". On the question of "how", Lenin believed Russia. The characteristic of capitalism lies in the backwardness. The reason is that Russia remains the remnants of the old system that is incompatible with capitalism. Based on the speed of the development of social productivity and the maximum protection of the interests of the masses, Lenin advocates the revolutionary development road of Russian capitalism taking the "American national style". Lenin's Thoughts on the development of Russian capitalism have three characteristics: the inevitability of Russian capitalism from the social and economic reality, the progress of Russian capitalism from the historical point of view and the analysis of the contradictions of Russian capitalism from the position of the proletariat. From the beginning of the Lenin doctrine, it can be said that, during the period of the new economic policy, the inspiration of Lenin's development of socialism with capitalism originated from the early study and understanding of Russian capitalism. The two were highly consistent in logic, and had high successor in the historical development.
Lenin's affirmation and negation of Russian capitalism reveals the due attitude of the backward countries in the treatment of capitalism and provides us with important practical enlightenment for us to study and correctly deal with the relationship between socialism and capitalism.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A821

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