马克思主义生态技术观及其实践意义研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 20:41

【摘要】：当今社会,生态危机是摆在人类面前的一个重大的全球性问题。自从人类进入工业文明以后,科学技术日新月异、突飞猛进,社会劳动生产力取得了长足的进步。人们一方面享受着技术的进步和社会经济的迅速发展,满足于对征服自然所取得的伟大胜利；同时,人类也开始面临由于过度开采和破坏而引起的生态环境问题,使得人类社会赖以发展的自然开始对社会的存在形成一种巨大的威胁。当前的生态危机,实质就是技术与人、社会生产、生态自然之间相互关系的危机。随着人类对社会发展模式的反思,人们越来越重视全球性的生态危机问题。马克思主义生态技术观是对技术生态化规律和技术应用生态影响的总的看法。世界观决定方法论,有什么样的世界观就有什么样的方法论。基于传统科学认识形成的传统技术观,是一种生态意识片面追求经济利益的技术价值观。传统技术观支配下的技术经济活动无节制地对大自然进行掠夺和征服,大量开采资源、大量生产消费、大量排放废弃物,毫不顾忌技术推动经济发展过程形成的生态环境问题及其引发的人与自然矛盾的尖锐化。马克思恩格斯的生态技术观具有很强的前瞻性、科学性和实践价值。中国化马克思主义生态技术观在中国现代化进程中不断深化发展。马克思主义生态技术观不仅批判传统技术观的生态缺失及其后果影响,而且主张依靠科学发展和技术进步提高资源能源利用率减少废弃物产生,推动循环经济和低碳经济发展,保护环境维持生态平衡,建设资源节约环境友好型社会和生态文明。本文以科学技术与人、社会生产、生态自然之间的关系问题为主线,以科学技术的生态化转向以及科学技术与人类社会和生态自然环境的和谐化发展目标取向,根据马克思主义自然观和唯物史观的基本理论,综合运用系统分析、归纳演绎、分析综合、抽象具体以及理论研究与实证分析相结合等方法,深入的分析、探究了马克思主义生态技术观。本文共分为四部分：第一部分,绪论。包括国内外研究综述和本文的目的、方法、意义、主要观点、创新点。第二部分,生态技术观的内涵与特征。通过对农业文明时代和工业文明时代传统技术发展观所存在的先天性缺陷的分析,对生态技术观的内涵和特征进行系统阐述,提出技术生态化转向的必然性与紧迫性。第三部分,马克思主义生态技术观。首先对马克思主义生态技术观的形成背景与发展历程进行了梳理,系统地整理、归纳马克思恩格斯等马克思主义创始人的著作、资料中的生态技术思想,然后总结阐述了马克思主义生态技术观的主要内容及其主要特征,并对马克思主义生态技术观的中国化理论成果进行了说明和论述。第四部分,马克思主义生态技术观的实践价值意义。这一部分系统阐述马克思主义生态技术观的现实意义,从理论和实践两方面阐述了马克思主义生态技术观对促进我国产业技术的生态化转向发展循环经济、低碳经济建设生态文明和两型社会的现实意义。
[Abstract]:In today's society, the ecological crisis is a major global problem facing mankind. Since mankind entered the industrial civilization, science and technology have changed with each passing day, and social labor productivity has made considerable progress. At the same time, mankind is also beginning to face the ecological environment problems caused by over-exploitation and destruction, which makes the nature on which human society depends begins to form a huge threat to the existence of society. With the reflection of human beings on the mode of social development, people pay more and more attention to the global ecological crisis. Marxist ecological technology view is a general view of the law of technology ecology and the ecological impact of technology application. The traditional technological outlook formed by knowledge is a kind of technological value that one-sidedly pursues the economic interests of the ecological consciousness. Marx and Engels'view of ecological technology has a strong foresight, scientific and practical value. The Sinicized Marxist view of ecological technology has been deepening in the process of China's modernization. Marxist view of ecological technology not only criticizes the ecology of the traditional view of technology. Lack and its consequences, and advocate relying on scientific development and technological progress to improve the utilization of resources and energy to reduce waste generation, promote circular economy and low-carbon economic development, protect the environment to maintain ecological balance, build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society and ecological civilization. On the basis of the basic theory of Marxist natural view and historical materialism, this paper comprehensively uses system analysis, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstract and concrete, as well as theoretical research and practice. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part, the introduction, including the domestic and foreign research summary and the purpose, method, significance, main point of view, innovation of this paper. The second part, the connotation and characteristics of the concept of ecological technology. This paper analyzes the congenital defects of the traditional view of Technological Development in the era of civilization, systematically expounds the connotation and characteristics of the view of ecological technology, and puts forward the necessity and urgency of the ecological turn of technology. The third part is the Marxist view of ecological technology. Combing, systematically sorting out and summarizing the works of Marx and Engels and other founders of Marxism, the ecological technology thought in the materials, then summarizing and explaining the main contents and main characteristics of Marxist ecological technology concept, and explaining and discussing the theoretical achievements of the Sinicization of Marxist ecological technology concept. This part systematically expounds the practical significance of Marxist eco-technological concept, and expounds the theoretical and practical significance of Marxist eco-technological concept in promoting the ecological transformation of industrial technology into the development of circular economy, and in building an eco-civilization and a two-oriented society in a low-carbon economy. Practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：山东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：X2;A811

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