毛泽东法制思想研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 13:16

【摘要】：毛泽东法制思想是马克思主义法学理论与中国实际相结合的重要理论成果，是毛泽东思想科学体系不可分割的一部分。毛泽东法制思想同其他的科学理论一样具有历史继承性，其理论渊源主要有：传统的思想文化是毛泽东法制思想的文化底蕴；近代西方的法制观对毛泽东法制思想形成具有深刻的启蒙意义；马克思列宁主义法学理论是毛泽东法制思想的直接理论来源。毛泽东法制思想的形成和发展经历了萌芽时期、形成时期、发展时期、成熟时期、曲折发展时期等一系列过程。其中毛泽东法制思想的萌芽时期是土地革命前、形成时期是土地革命时期、发展时期是从抗日战争到新中国成立、成熟时期是建国初期到社会主义改造完成、曲折时期是文化大革命时期。毛泽东的法制思想内容涵盖面广泛，主要理论成果表现在他的宪政思想、刑法思想、行政法思想以及经济法思想。他还有其他的一些部门法，但是相对比较零散、不成系统。在肯定毛泽东法制思想贡献的同时，，我们也要看到由于当时的历史条件的限制以及毛泽东个人主观上的失误使毛泽东法制思想具有一定的局限性。在法制建设指导思想上违背社会主义方向和中心任务；在国家治理方式上重“人治”轻“法治”；对法律职能的认识上重“阶级性”轻“社会性”；在法律的权威性上重“政策”轻“法律”；以政治偏见盲目排斥西方近现代法律思想文化。造成毛泽东法制思想的局限性也是多方面的：客观上，我国当时缺乏实行法制的政治、经济、文化和国际条件。政治上实行高度集权的政治体制和“左”倾主义错误的影响；经济上，实行高度集中的计划经济；不具备传统文化基础，“人治”传统影响深远；不具备依法治国的国际环境，西方资本主义国家和苏联的法制都陷入混乱。主观上，毛泽东个人缺乏法制建设经验和谦虚谨慎的态度。研究毛泽东法制的思想的重点所在是挖掘它的当代价值和借鉴意义。毛泽东法制思想的当代价值一方面其丰富了马克思主义法学理论，对其做出了重要的理论贡献，同时有助于完善毛泽东思想科学体系。另一方面，为中国特色社会主义法制工作提供了基本的工作思路，同时为建设和谐社会奠定了基础。通过对毛泽东法制思想局限性的分析，得出了以下的历史启示：我们要坚持依法治国为主，德法并举，增强全民法律意识，营造法律至上的氛围，以科学包容的态度对待国内外所有优秀的法律文化。
[Abstract]:Mao Zedong's legal thought is an important theoretical achievement which combines Marxist legal theory with China's reality and is an inseparable part of Mao Zedong's ideological science system. Mao Zedong's legal thought, like other scientific theories, has historical inheritance. Its theoretical origins are as follows: the traditional ideology and culture is the cultural background of Mao Zedong's legal thought; The view of modern western legal system has profound enlightening significance to the formation of Mao Zedong's legal thought, and Marxism-Leninist legal theory is the direct theoretical source of Mao Zedong's legal thought. The formation and development of Mao Zedong's legal thought has experienced a series of processes, such as budding period, forming period, developing period, mature period, tortuous development period and so on. The embryonic period of Mao Zedong's legal thought was before the agrarian revolution, the forming period was the agrarian revolution, the development period was from the War of Resistance against Japan to the founding of New China, and the mature period was from the early stage of founding the people's Republic of China to the completion of socialist transformation. The tortuous period was the period of the Cultural Revolution. Mao Zedong's legal thought covers a wide range of contents, the main theoretical achievements are his constitutional thought, criminal law thought, administrative law thought and economic law thought. He has other branches of law, but they are relatively fragmented and unsystematic. While affirming Mao Zedong's contribution to legal thought, we should also see that due to the limitation of historical conditions at that time and the personal subjective error of Mao Zedong, the legal thought of Mao Zedong has certain limitations. It runs counter to the socialist direction and the central task in the guiding ideology of the legal system construction, emphasizes the "rule of man" rather than "the rule of law" in the way of national governance, and emphasizes "class" and "social" on the understanding of the legal function. Emphasis on "policy" and "law" in the authority of law, and blind rejection of western modern legal ideology and culture with political prejudice. The limitation of Mao Zedong's legal thought is also in many aspects: objectively, our country lacked the political, economic, cultural and international conditions to carry out the legal system at that time. Politically, the political system with a high degree of centralization of power and the erroneous influence of the "left" tilting doctrine; economically, the highly centralized planned economy; the lack of a traditional cultural foundation and the far-reaching influence of the tradition of "rule by man"; and the lack of an international environment for governing the country according to law, Western capitalist countries and the Soviet Union had a chaotic legal system. Subjectively, Mao Zedong individual lacks legal system construction experience and modest and prudent attitude. The key point of studying Mao Zedong's legal system is to excavate its contemporary value and reference significance. On the one hand, the contemporary value of Mao Zedong's legal thought enriches Marxist legal theory, makes important theoretical contributions to it, and at the same time helps to perfect the ideological scientific system of Mao Zedong. On the other hand, it provides the basic idea for the legal work of socialism with Chinese characteristics and lays the foundation for building a harmonious society. Based on the analysis of the limitation of Mao Zedong's legal thought, the following historical revelations are drawn: we should persist in governing the country according to law, develop both morality and law, strengthen the legal consciousness of the whole people, and create an atmosphere of the supremacy of law. Treat all outstanding legal culture at home and abroad with scientific tolerance.
【学位授予单位】：山东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.2;A841

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