马克思恩格斯社会公正思想及其当代价值研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 14:15

【摘要】：如同真理是思想体系的首要价值一样，公平正义是社会主义国家制度的首要价值。马克思恩格斯虽然没有专门论述社会公正问题的论文或著作，但却有着非常丰富的社会公正思想。改革开放以来，我国经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的成就，但在前行过程中也存在着突出的矛盾和问题，其中比较显著的是居民收入差距日益扩大，社会不公正现象凸显。严重的社会不公正，不仅违背了社会主义的本质要求，而且会引发或加剧其它一系列的社会问题和社会风险，威胁执政党执政的合法性。在讨论社会公正问题时，国内学者反复引用和申说罗尔斯等西方学者的言论，而把马克思恩格斯的社会公正思想置于一种忽视或冷落的状态。在以马克思主义为指导的社会主义国家，讨论马克思恩格斯的社会公正思想及其启示，有着极强的现实针对性和理论价值。遵循问题本身的演进逻辑，分析马克思恩格斯社会公正思想的发展历程，大体可以分为三个发展阶段，即对自由主义公正观的追求和困惑时期、对自由主义公正观的批判时期、唯物主义社会公正思想的建立时期三个阶段。马克思恩格斯确立了唯物史观之后，阐述了社会公正思想的科学内涵：作为观念上层建筑的社会公正是社会物质生产的产物，它随着社会物质生产方式的变化而演变。因此，社会的真正基础和动力是社会生产而不是公正；公正具有历史性和阶级性，因此，不存在永恒的公正，也不存在普世认同的公正；“平等仅仅存在于同不平等的对立中，正义仅仅存在于同非正义的对立中”，因此，共产主义社会是一个超越了公正的社会形态。马克思恩格斯社会公正思想的当代价值主要体现在其理论意义和实践指导价值。尽管今天我们处在社会主义初阶阶段，同马克思恩格斯所设想的共产主义社会第一阶段还有较大差距，情况也更为复杂，但马克思恩格斯社会公正思想中所蕴含的立场、观点和方法仍具有指导意义，它要求我们以唯物史观为指导，研究社会公正问题；大力发展社会生产力，奠定社会公正的物质基础；完善分配制度，，巩固和发展生产资料公有制；实践以人为本，加大社会调剂力度。
[Abstract]:As truth is the primary value of the ideological system, fairness and justice are the primary values of the socialist state system. Although Marx and Engels had no papers or works on social justice, they had rich thoughts on social justice. Since the reform and opening up, China's economic and social development has made remarkable achievements, but there are also outstanding contradictions and problems in the process of moving forward, in which the income gap of residents is widening day by day, and the phenomenon of social injustice is prominent. Serious social injustice not only violates the essential requirement of socialism, but also causes or exacerbates a series of social problems and social risks, and threatens the legitimacy of ruling party. When discussing the problem of social justice, domestic scholars repeatedly quoted and said the comments of Western scholars such as Rawls, and put Marx and Engels' social justice thought in a state of neglect or neglect. In socialist countries guided by Marxism, it is of great practical and theoretical value to discuss Marx and Engels' thoughts of social justice and their enlightenment. Following the evolutionary logic of the problem itself and analyzing the development course of Marx and Engels' social justice thought, it can be divided into three stages, namely, the period of pursuit and confusion of the view of justice of liberalism, the period of criticism of the view of justice of liberalism. There are three stages in the establishment of materialist social justice thought. After Marx and Engels established the historical materialism, they expounded the scientific connotation of the social justice thought: the social justice, as the superstructure of the concept, is the product of the social material production, and it evolves with the change of the social material production mode. Therefore, the real foundation and motive force of society is social production rather than justice; justice is historical and class, therefore, there is no eternal justice or universally recognized justice; "Equality exists only in opposition to inequality," Justice exists only in opposition to injustice. Therefore, communist society is a society that transcends justice. The contemporary value of Marx and Engels' social justice is mainly embodied in its theoretical significance and practical guiding value. Although today we are in the first stage of socialism, and there is still a big gap with the first stage of the communist society envisaged by Marx and Engels, and the situation is more complicated, the position contained in Marx and Engels' thoughts on social justice is still more complicated. Views and methods are still of guiding significance. They require us to study social justice under the guidance of historical materialism, to vigorously develop social productive forces, to lay the material foundation for social justice, and to perfect the distribution system. Consolidate and develop the public ownership of the means of production; put people first; strengthen social adjustment.
【学位授予单位】：赣南师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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