马克思公共性思想及其对公众参与立法的启示

发布时间：2018-09-14 10:32

【摘要】：马克思的公共性思想有着独特之处,它蕴含着公共领域理论、公共利益理论与公共精神理论。马克思站在无产阶级、全人类的立场来阐述他的公共性思想。他从现实生活出发,追求政治解放和社会解放,不断为全人类的幸福生活创造契机,他以无产阶级的阶级意识构建公共领域,以此维护真实的公共利益。在马克思公共性思想中,马克思在市民社会的基础上对公共性展开研究,强调公共领域是公共性实现的场所,是依托。公共利益是社会公众在这个领域内的共同追求目标,是方向。公共精神是公共性思想的灵魂所在,是精华。但是,马克思公共性思想不是一蹴而就的,马克思是对前人的公共性思想批判与继承,其公共性思想也经历了虚幻性向真实性转变这一过程。马克思公共性思想的理论渊源主要有古希腊哲学中的公共性理念、德国古典哲学中的公共性理念以及空想社会主义中的公共性理念。同时,也正是基于这些理论渊源中的虚幻性理论,导致了马克思早期公共性思想的虚幻性。当马克思关注资本主义的经济发展暴露的问题后,唯物史观随之出现,马克思通过批判费尔巴哈的人的本质学说,提出实践是社会生活的本质,而人的本质是一切社会关系的总和。概而言之,当马克思把实践引入认识论、本体论,关注交往实践之后,便发现了真正的公共性,公共领域理论、公共利益理论与公共精神理论。公共领域是形成于市民社会基础上,经历政治解放与社会解放,最终以个体间性的互助、共享自由发展为核心的领域;公共利益的本质就在于公,内在具有共享性,是一种人与人互助共享的利益;公共精神是个体在公共领域追求公共利益的公共关怀以及处事的态度。马克思公共性思想不仅是理论上的,更是实践上的。当前,在民主立法机制的引导下,公众参与立法是保障人民群众享有立法的知情权和参与权的有效方式,而马克思公共性思想对提高公众参与立法具有重要的指导意义。我国的新的历史时期推进科学立法、民主立法需要遵循马克思公共性思想的原则性指导,同时,立法的实践经验将进一步丰富马克思公共思想的内涵。因此,用马克思公共性思想来解决我国公众参与立法存在的问题,既是法律的要求,更是人民当家作主的要求。
[Abstract]:Marx's thought of publicity is unique in that it contains public sphere theory, public interest theory and public spirit theory. Marx expounds his thought of publicity from the standpoint of proletariat and all mankind. In Marx's thought of publicity, Marx studied publicity on the basis of civil society, emphasizing that the public sphere is the place where publicity is realized and the support of it. The public spirit is the soul and essence of the public thought. However, Marx's public thought is not accomplished overnight. Marx criticized and inherited the public thought of his predecessors. His public thought also experienced the process of transformation from illusion to reality. The theoretical origin of Marx's public thought is mainly ancient. The idea of publicity in Greek philosophy, the idea of publicity in German classical philosophy, and the idea of publicity in Utopian socialism. At the same time, it is based on the theory of illusion in these theoretical origins that leads to the illusion of Marx's early thought of publicity. Marx, by criticizing Feuerbach's theory of human nature, put forward that practice is the essence of social life and that human nature is the sum of all social relations. Public interest theory and public spiritual theory.Public sphere is formed on the basis of civil society,experiencing political emancipation and social emancipation,and ultimately taking mutual assistance among individuals and sharing free development as the core area.The essence of public interest lies in public,which is inherently shared,and is a kind of mutual benefit and sharing between people.Public spirit is Marx's thought of publicity is not only theoretical, but also practical. At present, under the guidance of democratic legislative mechanism, public participation in legislation is an effective way to protect the people's right to know and participate in legislation, while Marx's public thinking To promote scientific legislation in the new historical period of our country, democratic legislation needs to follow the principled guidance of Marx's public thought. At the same time, the practical experience of legislation will further enrich the connotation of Marx's public thought. The problems of public participation in legislation are not only the requirements of law, but also the requirements of the people as masters of the country.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A81

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