马克思共同体思想及其对中国社会组织建设的启示

发布时间：2018-09-14 17:59

【摘要】：马克思笔下的共同体,是指具有特定利益诉求的人群基于共同目标组成的集合体或联合体,体现着人的本质。马克思认为,共同体是建立在一定的经济基础之上的,不同社会形态下的共同体有着各自不同的特点,共同体阻碍或促进人的发展。从历史规律上看,共同体表现为三种形态：前资本主义自然—本源的共同体、资本主义虚幻—抽象的共同体、未来共产主义真实—自由的共同体。在前两种共同体形态中,人的发展受到人或物的关系的制约,这种制约导致社会矛盾的激化和人与人的对立,只有发展到真正的共同体阶段,共同体才能发挥其积极功能,人才能获得全面解放、自由发展的条件。真实—自由的共同体即自由人联合体或共产主义社会。社会主义作为共产主义的第一阶段,既保留了政治国家这一共同体形式,又将消灭国家作为奋斗目标。社会主义初级阶段的共同体形式,除了表现为社会主义国家及社会主义市场外,还表现为拥有广泛社会基础的社会组织。推动社会组织的健康发展成为当代中国共同体发展的新路径,成为当代中国社会事业革新、社会治理创新的新内容。中国社会组织发展的理论借鉴主要来源于西方,西方社会组织理论论证了社会组织产生及存在的合理性,为社会组织的正常运作提供了合法性保障,也为探索政府、市场与社会的互动合作机制提供了有益借鉴。但西方社会组织理论归根结底是立足于西方社会实际的,与中国国情相距甚远,因而其指导作用是有限的。只有马克思的共同体理论才是中国社会组织发展的指导思想。如何从马克思主义的相关理论视角将西方的理论运用到中国社会组织建设中并予以批判创新是本文研究的重点和难点。马克思共同体思想统摄了人的本质思想、个人与共同体和谐统一的思想、社会—国家共同体思想、自由人联合体思想等,对中国社会组织建设具有重大的指导价值,具体表现在：共同体体现人的本质思想对确立社会组织发展战略目标具有指导意义；人的自由全面发展思想对树立社会主义价值取向具有指导意义；共产主义是公有制与民主制相结合的思想对促进资源有效配置具有指导意义；国家消亡、社会自治思想对建立有效的权力运行机制具有指导意义。
[Abstract]:Communities in Marx's works refer to the aggregates or associations of people with specific interests based on common goals, which embody the essence of human beings. From the perspective of historical law, the community is manifested in three forms: the former capitalist natural-origin community, the capitalist illusory-abstract community, and the future communist real-free community. In the former two forms of community, human development is restricted by the relationship between people and things, which leads to social contradictions. As the first stage of communism, socialism retains the political state. In the primary stage of socialism, besides the socialist country and the socialist market, the form of the community is also manifested as a social organization with a broad social base. Promoting the healthy development of social organizations has become a new path for the development of the contemporary Chinese community. The theory of social organization development in China mainly comes from the West. The theory of social organization in the West demonstrates the rationality of the emergence and existence of social organizations, provides the legitimacy guarantee for the normal operation of social organizations, and explores the interaction and integration of government, market and society. But the western social organization theory is based on the western social reality in the final analysis, far from China's national conditions, so its guiding role is limited. Only Marx's theory of community is the guiding ideology of the development of Chinese social organization. How to make the western society develop from the perspective of Marxist theory The application of Marxist community theory to the construction of social organizations in China and its criticism and innovation are the key and difficult points of this paper.Marxist community thought has a great guiding significance to the construction of social organizations in China. The value is embodied in the following aspects: the essence of human being embodied in the community is of guiding significance to the establishment of strategic objectives for the development of social organizations; the idea of free and all-round development of human beings is of guiding significance to the establishment of socialist value orientation; communism is the combination of public ownership and democracy is of guiding significance to the effective allocation of resources The concept of social autonomy is of guiding significance to the establishment of effective power operation mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：A811;D632.9

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