马克思感觉观研究
发布时间：2018-10-13 07:22
【摘要】：感觉观是马克思哲学思想的重要组成部分,也是马克思贯彻其辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的重要体现。马克思对于感觉的起源及其根本特征、感觉在私有制条件下为什么会发生异化、如何扬弃感觉的异化以实现人的全面发展等问题有着深入系统的研究。理解马克思的这些论述,对于进一步理解马克思的哲学思想有着重要的理论与现实意义。 马克思的感觉观是在批判性地吸收和改造西方哲学史上的各种感觉观的基础上形成和发展起来的。马克思对于古希腊原子论派、近代经验论和唯理论、德国古典哲学等的代表人物的感觉观都有着全面深入的研究,并从中吸收了不少有益的成分。但是马克思也深刻地指出,这些感觉观都没有从实践的角度去理解感觉,因此都存在着这样那样的缺陷,马克思的感觉观正是在克服这些缺陷的基础上发展起来的。 马克思始终坚持对于感觉的实践性理解。在他看来,人的属人的感觉并不是某种天赋的或先验的能力,而是在人的对象化活动中逐渐形成的,因此感觉能力和感觉内容会受到对象化活动本身的制约。正是对象化活动本身的社会性和历史性决定了人的感觉的社会性和历史性,人的感觉是以往全部世界历史的产物。马克思对人的感觉的实践起源和社会历史性的揭示,对于理解他的感觉异化说和感觉解放说有着重要的理论基础意义。 在马克思看来,正是由于感觉会受到社会和历史条件的制约,导致了它在私有制条件下、尤其是资本主义社会中发生了异化。在资本主义社会中,人的属己的、丰富多样的感觉为那种单纯“拥有的感觉”所替代。这使得资本主义社会中包括资本家和工人在内的所有人的感觉都变得日益非人化和贫困化,人的感觉能力和感觉内容都被物所奴役,而且其丰富多样性也日益消失了。 为了扬弃感觉的这种非人化和贫困化的异化,马克思提出了他的感觉解放理论。在他看来,要真正扬弃感觉的异化、实现感觉的解放,最重要的就是必须要消灭私有制,实现社会主义、并进而走向共产主义。只有在这种公有制条件下,人的感觉才能真正摆脱物的奴役,才能真正成为属己的、丰富多样的感觉。而感觉的这种解放也就意味着人的全面发展,人的全面发展是马克思扬弃感觉的异化、实现感觉的解放的最终目标。 马克思的感觉观对后世发生了深远的影响,也给予当今社会以深刻的启示。从马克思感觉观诞生起直到今天,它就一直受到许多人的批评和攻击,但这些批评大多是站不住脚的。与此同时,它也得到很多人的支持,并为许多后世哲学家、如法兰克福学派的哲学家们所继承。另外,马克思的感觉观对于我们今天克服消费至上主义、保护自然环境等都有着积极的启示意义,值得我们认真借鉴和吸收。
[Abstract]:Feeling view is an important part of Marxist philosophy, and also an important embodiment of Marx's dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Marx has deeply and systematically studied the origin and fundamental characteristics of feeling, why alienation occurs under the condition of private ownership, and how to sublate the alienation of feeling in order to realize the overall development of human being. Understanding these expositions of Marx has important theoretical and practical significance for further understanding Marx's philosophical thought. Marx's sense view was formed and developed on the basis of critically absorbing and reforming all kinds of feeling views in the history of western philosophy. Marx had a thorough and comprehensive study on the perception of the representatives of ancient Greek atomism, modern empiricism and rationalism, German classical philosophy and so on, and absorbed a lot of beneficial elements from it. But Marx also pointed out profoundly that these sensations have not been understood from the angle of practice, so they all have some defects. Marx's perception of feeling has been developed on the basis of overcoming these defects. Marx always insisted on the practical understanding of feeling. In his opinion, the personal feeling of man is not a natural or transcendental ability, but is gradually formed in the objectification of human activities, so the sensory ability and the sensory content will be restricted by the objectified activity itself. It is the sociality and historicity of objectified activities that determine the sociality and historicity of human feelings, which are the products of all the world history in the past. Marx's practical origin of human feelings and the revelation of social history have important theoretical significance for understanding his theory of alienation and liberation. In Marx's view, it is because the feeling will be restricted by the social and historical conditions that it has been alienated under the condition of private ownership, especially in the capitalist society. In capitalist society, one's own, rich and varied feelings are replaced by a simple sense of ownership. This makes the feelings of everyone in capitalist society, including capitalists and workers, become increasingly dehumanized and impoverished, and people's sensory ability and content are enslaved by objects, and their rich diversity is increasingly lost. In order to sublate the sense of dehumanization and poverty of alienation, Marx put forward his sense of liberation theory. In his opinion, in order to sublate the alienation of feeling and realize the liberation of feeling, the most important thing is to eliminate private ownership, realize socialism, and then go to communism. Only under this condition of public ownership, can people's feelings really get rid of the enslavement of things and become their own, rich and diverse feelings. And the liberation of feeling means the all-round development of human being, which is the ultimate goal of Marx to sublate the alienation of feeling and realize the liberation of feeling. Marx's perception had a profound influence on the later generations, and also gave a profound enlightenment to the present society. From the birth of Marx's perception to today, it has been criticized and attacked by many people, but most of these criticisms are untenable. At the same time, it is supported by many people, and inherited by many later philosophers, such as the Frankfurt School of philosophers. In addition, Marx's concept of feeling has positive significance for us to overcome consumerism and protect the natural environment, which is worthy of our reference and absorption.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B038;A811
本文编号：2267772
[Abstract]:Feeling view is an important part of Marxist philosophy, and also an important embodiment of Marx's dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Marx has deeply and systematically studied the origin and fundamental characteristics of feeling, why alienation occurs under the condition of private ownership, and how to sublate the alienation of feeling in order to realize the overall development of human being. Understanding these expositions of Marx has important theoretical and practical significance for further understanding Marx's philosophical thought. Marx's sense view was formed and developed on the basis of critically absorbing and reforming all kinds of feeling views in the history of western philosophy. Marx had a thorough and comprehensive study on the perception of the representatives of ancient Greek atomism, modern empiricism and rationalism, German classical philosophy and so on, and absorbed a lot of beneficial elements from it. But Marx also pointed out profoundly that these sensations have not been understood from the angle of practice, so they all have some defects. Marx's perception of feeling has been developed on the basis of overcoming these defects. Marx always insisted on the practical understanding of feeling. In his opinion, the personal feeling of man is not a natural or transcendental ability, but is gradually formed in the objectification of human activities, so the sensory ability and the sensory content will be restricted by the objectified activity itself. It is the sociality and historicity of objectified activities that determine the sociality and historicity of human feelings, which are the products of all the world history in the past. Marx's practical origin of human feelings and the revelation of social history have important theoretical significance for understanding his theory of alienation and liberation. In Marx's view, it is because the feeling will be restricted by the social and historical conditions that it has been alienated under the condition of private ownership, especially in the capitalist society. In capitalist society, one's own, rich and varied feelings are replaced by a simple sense of ownership. This makes the feelings of everyone in capitalist society, including capitalists and workers, become increasingly dehumanized and impoverished, and people's sensory ability and content are enslaved by objects, and their rich diversity is increasingly lost. In order to sublate the sense of dehumanization and poverty of alienation, Marx put forward his sense of liberation theory. In his opinion, in order to sublate the alienation of feeling and realize the liberation of feeling, the most important thing is to eliminate private ownership, realize socialism, and then go to communism. Only under this condition of public ownership, can people's feelings really get rid of the enslavement of things and become their own, rich and diverse feelings. And the liberation of feeling means the all-round development of human being, which is the ultimate goal of Marx to sublate the alienation of feeling and realize the liberation of feeling. Marx's perception had a profound influence on the later generations, and also gave a profound enlightenment to the present society. From the birth of Marx's perception to today, it has been criticized and attacked by many people, but most of these criticisms are untenable. At the same time, it is supported by many people, and inherited by many later philosophers, such as the Frankfurt School of philosophers. In addition, Marx's concept of feeling has positive significance for us to overcome consumerism and protect the natural environment, which is worthy of our reference and absorption.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B038;A811
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