马克思“跨越”思想研究

发布时间：2018-10-16 17:04

【摘要】：马克思“跨越”思想是其东方社会理论重要组成部分,它的形成有着深厚的思想理论来源和鲜明的时代背景,经历了一个从否定到承认、肯定并超越的转向过程。从50年代起马克思开始关注东方社会,但是,当时其理论还未涉及到东方社会具体的社会形态、历史基础和演变过程,也未能揭示未来东方社会独特的发展道路,而是将资本主义殖民的同化视为东方社会的前途。直到70年代中期,马克思的思想发生了转变,从1877年给《祖国纪事》的信中“跨越”可能性首次明确表达,到1881年《给维·伊·查苏利奇的信》对“跨越”条件性的肯定,再到1882年《(共产党宣言)俄文版序言》中“跨越”可能性的进一步肯定,其“跨越”思想日渐清晰、明确、丰富。马克思结合俄国当时的历史环境,站在世界历史的高度论述了俄国“跨越”理论上的可能性以及实现“跨越”可能性的条件。由于俄国公社具有其独特性,但它又统一于世界的整体中,所以可以吸收西方先进的生产技术;西方国家的阶级矛盾处在无法调和的地步,而与此同时俄国国内的矛盾也十分尖锐,革命随时可能爆发,如果俄国发生革命,就可能促进西方无产阶级革命,实现东西方互补,从而可以“跨越”资本主义阶段。马克思晚年提出的“跨越卡夫丁峡谷”思想,不仅丰富了马克思的世界历史理论,完善了其唯物史观,而且也为落后国家“跨越”资本主义阶段提供了理论依据。
[Abstract]:Marx's thought of "leapfrogging" is an important part of his oriental social theory. Its formation has a profound ideological and theoretical source and a distinct background of the times, and has gone through a process of turning from negation to recognition, affirmation and transcendence. Marx began to pay attention to the oriental society from the 1950s. However, at that time, his theory did not involve the specific social formation, historical basis and evolution process of the oriental society, nor did it reveal the unique development path of the future oriental society. Instead, the assimilation of capitalist colonization is regarded as the future of eastern society. By the mid-1970s, Marx's thought had changed, from the possibility of "leapfrogging" in a letter to the Chronicle of the Motherland in 1877 for the first time, to the affirmation of the conditional "leapfrogging" in 1881. To the further affirmation of the possibility of "leapfrogging" in the preamble of the Russian edition of the Communist Manifesto of 1882, the thought of "leapfrogging" is becoming clearer, clearer and richer. With the historical environment of Russia at that time, Marx discussed the theoretical possibility of Russian "leapfrogging" and the conditions for realizing the possibility of "leapfrogging" from the height of world history. Because the Russian commune is unique, but it is unified in the world as a whole, it can absorb the advanced production technology of the West, and the class contradictions in the western countries are at an irreconcilable point. At the same time, the contradictions in Russia are also very sharp, the revolution may break out at any time. If the revolution occurs in Russia, it may promote the Western proletarian revolution and realize the complementation of the East and the West, so that it can "span" the capitalist stage. Marx's idea of "crossing the Canyon of Kaftin" in his later years not only enriched Marx's theory of world history and perfected his historical materialism, but also provided a theoretical basis for the backward countries to "span" the capitalist stage.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A81

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