资本批判与人的发展—马克思资本哲学的主题

发布时间：2018-11-08 11:29

【摘要】：资本是现代社会发展的基础，它推动了生产的发展，为人的自由全面发展带来了双重效应。马克思的资本批判理论是建立在对理论与现实、资本和哲学的多重视角的批判基础之上，他从经济学的角度并且站在哲学的立场来分析资本的内在本质。如何从资本的角度看待人的发展，这是马克思资本哲学的重要主题。这就要求我们在资本与人的发展之间的关系应当持有一个明确的态度：保持“发展资本”和“限制资本”之间的张力，在这个张力中间努力促进人的自由全面的发展。深入研究马克思资本哲学理论，对于丰富和完善马克思关于人的发展思想，，具有极其重要的现实意义。文章的框架结构基于上述理论的考虑，全文除导言和结论外，共分为五章：第一章探讨了资本对人的发展的文明作用。在本章中，基于马克思和西方经济学家对资本的不同理解，重点阐述马克思的资本理论及其资本的内在本质，指出资本具有促进人的发展的实践功能，有助于更好的实现人的自由全面发展。第二章探讨了资本的历史局限性与人的发展的限制。在本章中，基于马克思的资本批判理论，通过对资本的运动界限、在资本主义生产方式下人的空虚化和物化、资本文明作用的局限性以与人的发展限制等方面的详细分析，对资本的局限性作出了具体的阐述，从而正确揭示出资本对人的发展的负面效应。第三章探讨了扬弃资本的局限性与人的解放的途径。在本章中，具体阐述了马克思对资本自我扬弃的三个具体形式。针对资本的局限性，改良主义提出了不同的策略，但随着经济危机的大爆发，这些策略都很快就被证实以失败而告终。马克思认识到，我们必须要通过革命的手段，使得人的本质的异化以及私有财产的消除，从而为人的自由全面发展提供丰富的政治和物质经济基础。第四章探讨了新生产方式与人的解放的途径。在本章中，通过马克思指出劳动者在资本主义生产方式下对资本剥削产生的觉悟，同时普遍劳动和理性劳动也为新生产方式提供了社会和科学的条件，使得全面的个人代替局部的个人，这就促使产生一种新的生产即在共产主义下人成为了一种“自由的人”。第五章探讨了社会主义社会中资本经济与人的发展。在本章中，重点分析了资本经济的概念，在社会主义社会中也存在着资本经济，这就要求我们在发展市场经济的同时，必须要在“以人为本”的科学发展观为指导下，合理利用和节制资本经济的发展，为人的自由全面发展指明了前进的道路和正确的方向。
[Abstract]:Capital is the foundation of the development of modern society. It promotes the development of production and brings double effects to the free and all-round development of human beings. Marx's critique theory of capital is based on the critique of theory and reality, capital and philosophy. He analyzes the intrinsic essence of capital from the angle of economics and from the standpoint of philosophy. How to treat human development from the angle of capital is an important theme of Marx's philosophy of capital. This requires us to maintain a clear attitude in the relationship between capital and human development: to maintain the tension between "development capital" and "limited capital", and to strive to promote the free and comprehensive development of human beings in the middle of this tension. It is of great practical significance to further study Marx's theory of capital philosophy for enriching and perfecting Marx's thoughts on human development. The frame structure of this paper is based on the above theoretical considerations. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is divided into five chapters: the first chapter discusses the civilized role of capital on human development. In this chapter, based on the different understanding of capital between Marx and Western economists, the author expounds Marx's theory of capital and its intrinsic essence, and points out that capital has the practical function of promoting human development. It is helpful to realize the free and all-round development of human beings. The second chapter discusses the historical limitations of capital and the limitations of human development. In this chapter, based on Marx's critique theory of capital, through the boundary of capital movement, the emptiness and materialization of man under the capitalist mode of production, the limitation of the function of capital civilization and so on are analyzed in detail. This paper expounds the limitation of capital in order to reveal the negative effect of capital on human development. The third chapter discusses the limitations of sublation of capital and the way of human liberation. In this chapter, three specific forms of Marx's self-sublation of capital are elaborated. In view of the limitation of capital, reformism put forward different strategies, but with the outbreak of economic crisis, these strategies were quickly proved to fail. Marx realized that we must make the alienation of human nature and the elimination of private property through the means of revolution so as to provide rich political and material economic basis for the free and all-round development of human beings. The fourth chapter discusses the new mode of production and the way of human liberation. In this chapter, Marx points out the consciousness of labor to capital exploitation under capitalist mode of production, and at the same time, universal labor and rational labor also provide social and scientific conditions for the new mode of production. The replacement of a partial individual by a comprehensive individual led to a new kind of production, in which the Communists became a "free man." The fifth chapter discusses the capital economy and human development in the socialist society. In this chapter, the concept of capital economy is analyzed, and there is capital economy in the socialist society, which requires us to develop the market economy at the same time under the guidance of "people-oriented" scientific development view. Rational utilization and control of capital economy indicate the way and correct direction for the free and all-round development of human beings.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B038;A811

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