论毛泽东实践智慧

发布时间：2018-11-20 16:09

【摘要】：在中西文化的语境中,实践和智慧紧密相关,不可分割;马克思主义哲学视域中的实践智慧是在肯定人的智慧活动的“实践性”基础上,强调其价值取向和理性能力,认为实践智慧是以实践的思维方式对待人与世界关系的智慧,是“合目的性”与“合规律性”、尊重客观规律与发挥主观能动性相统一的智慧。在马克思主义中国化的伟大历程中,毛泽东实践智慧无疑起到了至关重要的作用。随着十八大以来反腐和改革开放的深入推进,以实事求是、群众路线、独立自主为主要内容的毛泽东实践智慧再次成为了社会各界关注的焦点,成为我们坚定理想信念、补足“精神之钙”的“总标杆”。但长期以来,由于人们对毛泽东思想的理解普遍停留在教科书和理论体系的层面,蕴含在毛泽东思想体系中的实践智慧很少有人谈及,导致了把毛泽东思想教条化甚至碎片化的倾向。本文由引言和五个部分构成。第一部分在从词源、中西文化背景和马克思主义语境对“智慧”、“实践智慧”梳理、界定的基础上,指出“毛泽东实践智慧”是毛泽东把带有普遍真理性的马克思主义理论智慧,应用于中国革命和建设的具体实际,根据中国社会客观的特殊的情况做出的包括经济、政治、军事、思想教育等方面决策与策略的智慧;它扎根于中国优秀文化传统,是近现代中国社会和文化转型的产物,表达着理性社会的追求和人民群众利益的价值取向,是毛泽东思想特别是毛泽东哲学思想的生活化、现实化表达,是蕴含在整个毛泽东思想体系中的“机理性”和“灵魂性”的东西。第二部分从早期革命活动的孕育、传统哲学和文化的熏染、对中国近代社会性质和革命道路的认识三个方面,深入地剖析了毛泽东实践智慧的形成,强调毛泽东关于中国近代社会性质、革命道路的论述,是其实践智慧最为精彩的部分。第三部分分别介绍了毛泽东的政治、军事和思想教育方面的实践智慧,认为新民主主义理论是毛泽东最大的政治实践智慧,是其他经济、军事、教育等智慧的灵魂。第四部分阐述了毛泽东实践智慧的特征:调查研究的“唯实”态度,反对本本主义的“去教条化”精神,群众路线的思维方式和价值取向,保留了中国民间传统的质朴本色,转化成“实事求是”的生活品格。第五部分总结升华出毛泽东实践智慧的当代启示是:在全社会大兴“接地气”的调查研究之风;走中国特色社会主义必须既学习西方又反对“西化”;牢记党的“宗旨”,坚持社会主义价值理想;不断从文化传统中汲取丰富滋养;努力把“实事求是”化为社会各阶层的行为准则。
[Abstract]:In the context of Chinese and Western culture, practice and wisdom are closely related and inseparable. The practical wisdom in the field of Marxist philosophy is based on affirming the "practicality" of human's intelligent activities, emphasizing its value orientation and rational ability, and holding that practical wisdom is the wisdom of treating the relationship between man and the world in a practical way of thinking. It is the wisdom that conforms to the purpose and the regularity, respects the objective law and exerts the subjective initiative. In the great course of Marxism in China, Mao Zedong's practical wisdom undoubtedly played a vital role. With the deepening of anti-corruption and reform and opening up since the 18th National Congress, Mao Zedong's practical wisdom, which is mainly about seeking truth from facts, the mass line, and independence and autonomy, has once again become the focus of attention of all sectors of society and has become our firm ideal and belief. Complement the "general standard" of "spiritual calcium". However, for a long time, because people's understanding of Mao Zedong thought generally remained at the level of textbooks and theoretical systems, few people talked about the practical wisdom contained in Mao Zedong thought system. This led to a tendency to dogmatize and even fragment Mao Zedong thought. This paper consists of an introduction and five parts. The first part is based on the definition of "wisdom" and "practical wisdom" in terms of etymology, Chinese and western cultural background and Marxist context. It is pointed out that "Mao Zedong's practical wisdom" is that Mao Zedong applied the Marxist theory wisdom with universal truth to the concrete reality of Chinese revolution and construction, and according to the special and objective circumstances of Chinese society, he made it including economy and politics. Military, ideological education and other aspects of decision-making and strategy wisdom; It is rooted in China's excellent cultural tradition, is the product of modern Chinese society and cultural transformation, expresses the pursuit of rational society and the value orientation of the people's interests, and is the life of Mao Zedong thought, especially Mao Zedong's philosophical thought. Realistic expression is the "machine rationality" and "soul nature" contained in the whole Mao Zedong thought system. The second part deeply analyzes the formation of Mao Zedong's practical wisdom from three aspects: the gestation of early revolutionary activities, the influence of traditional philosophy and culture, the understanding of the nature of modern Chinese society and the way of revolution. Mao Zedong's exposition on the nature of modern Chinese society and the road of revolution is the most splendid part of his practical wisdom. The third part introduces Mao Zedong's practical wisdom in politics, military affairs and ideological education, and holds that new democratic theory is Mao Zedong's greatest political practical wisdom and the soul of other wisdom such as economy, military affairs and education. The fourth part expounds the characteristics of Mao Zedong's practical wisdom: the "realistic" attitude of investigation and research, the spirit of "de-dogmatism" against this doctrine, the way of thinking and the value orientation of the mass line, which preserves the simplicity of the Chinese folk tradition. Transform into "seek truth from facts" life character. The fifth part summarizes and sublimates the contemporary enlightenment of Mao Zedong's practical wisdom: the trend of investigation and research on the development of "approachability" in the whole society, the necessity of learning from the West and opposing "westernization" when walking socialism with Chinese characteristics; Keeping in mind the Party's "aim", adhering to the socialist value ideal, constantly drawing rich nourishment from the cultural tradition, and striving to turn "seeking truth from facts" into the code of conduct of all social strata.
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A84

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