马克思的幸福观研究—扬弃异化的幸福观

发布时间：2018-12-16 12:06

【摘要】：波澜壮阔的中国社会主义现代化建设和具有宏大叙事的马克思哲学研究都要求关注人本身,其中,最为重要的问题是人的幸福是什么?作为伟大哲学家的马克思怎么样回答这一问题?换言之,马克思的幸福观是什么? 根据沙夫的观点,从肯定的角度出发的幸福观研究具有主观性、教条性和历史性,否定的进路研究幸福观才能真正揭开幸福的神秘面纱。换言之,幸福观研究需要一种范式的转变,具体而言,过去的研究范式以人的现实性和本质性为出发点,以自由人的联合体为幸福的归宿,而本文主张的幸福观研究以异化为核心范畴,否定方法为其根本方法。只有使幸福观的研究范式发生转变,幸福的对立面异化得到合理扬弃,幸福的真实意蕴才能向人们真正敞开。在主题“马克思的幸福观是扬弃异化的幸福观”确立之后,本文着力于从两个方面论证。其一,在显性层面上,马克思的幸福观是扬弃异化的幸福观；其二,在马克思的著作中,用异化和扬弃异化探究幸福的话语俯仰皆是。主题的确证给深入解读异化扬弃的幸福观奠定了基础。马克思的幸福观从三个维度展开。1)价值维度,早年的马克思深受黑格尔唯心主义幸福观的影响,其幸福观只是停留在价值层面,因此,真正的幸福建立在私有财产的扬弃和人本质的复归；2)历史维度,历史唯物主义的发现使马克思的理论以现实的人为出发点,因此,幸福在于消解分工所带来的人自由和全面的发展；3)政治经济学维度,马克思的《资本论》对资本主义社会的政治经济的深刻分析使得其幸福观有着政治经济学的科学性,因此,幸福在于扬弃资本主义经济政治中的全面的异化现象。扬弃异化的幸福观具有当代意义。在中国现代化进程中,当代人面临政治、经济、价值观等方面的幸福困惑,马克思的异化思想及其方法研究对于解决当代人生存困境具有指导意义。
[Abstract]:The magnificent socialist modernization construction of China and the Marxist philosophical research with grand narration require attention to the human being, among which, the most important question is what is the happiness of the human being? How did Marx, a great philosopher, answer this question? In other words, what is Marx's concept of happiness? According to Schaff's view, the research of happiness view from the positive angle has subjectivity, dogmatism and history, and the negative approach study happiness view can truly uncover the mysterious veil of happiness. In other words, the study of happiness needs a paradigm shift. Specifically, the past paradigm takes the reality and nature of human beings as the starting point, and the association of free people as the end result of happiness. The core category of this thesis is alienation, and the negation method is its fundamental method. Only when the research paradigm of happiness is changed and the dissimilation of the opposite of happiness is reasonably abandoned, the true meaning of happiness can be truly opened to people. After the theme "Marx's concept of happiness is the concept of sublation and dissimilation", this paper focuses on two aspects of the argument. First, on the explicit level, Marx's concept of happiness is the concept of happiness of sublation and alienation; second, in Marx's works, the discourse of exploring happiness with alienation and alienation is all in vogue. The confirmation of the theme lays a foundation for further interpretation of the concept of happiness. Marx's concept of happiness is developed from three dimensions. 1) value dimension. In his early years, Marx was deeply influenced by Hegel's idealistic view of happiness, and his concept of happiness only stayed at the level of value, so, Real happiness is based on the sublation of private property and the restoration of human nature; 2) in the historical dimension, the discovery of historical materialism makes Marx's theory take the realistic person as the starting point, therefore, the happiness lies in dispelling the human freedom and the overall development which the division of labor brings; 3) the political economy dimension, Marx's "Capital" to the capitalist society's political economy profound analysis causes its happiness view to have the political economy scientific nature, therefore, Happiness lies in sublation of the overall alienation in capitalist economy and politics. The concept of happiness of sublation and alienation has contemporary significance. In the process of China's modernization, contemporary people are faced with happiness puzzlement in politics, economy, values and so on. The study of Marx's alienation thought and its methods is of guiding significance to solve the plight of contemporary people's existence.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A811

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