论马克思的自然观及其当代意蕴

发布时间：2019-04-20 07:50

【摘要】：随着工业和科学技术的迅速发展，以及人们生活水平的不断提高，自然环境与生态问题成为人们日益关注的焦点。人类通过自己的实践不断地改造自然，索取自然，传统西方自然观的批判继承，尤其是对自然发生了前所未有的变化，同时也使我们生存环境遭到了严重的破坏。不同时代的思想者也都以不同的方式处理着人与自然的关系，马克思的自然观是对费尔巴哈和黑格尔自然观的超越，可以说是自然观上的根本性变革，为构建和谐的社会指明了方向。人与自然的关系是自然观研究的主要内容。造成生态环境危机的主要原因是没有处理好人与自然的关系。在当今生态环境危机日益突出的形势下，马克思自然观指导我们如何协调人与自然的关系、如何走可持续发展的道路。人类认识自然的能力起初是人类改造自然的结果，之后，这种结果又成为人类进一步改造自然的前提和动力。只有正确地认识了自然界的各种规律，才能更好地改造自然。人类与自然界之间的物质变换过程中，人类对自然界的影响可以分为两个大方面：一是自然界中各种自然资源；二是将各种废弃物排放到自然界。前一方面造成了自然资源的短缺；后一方面则造成了自然坏境的破坏。这就要求我们处理好人与自然的关系。在阅读了施密特的《马克思的自然概念》和《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的基础上，，本文理论联系实际、历史与逻辑相结合原则性方法出发，对马克思自然观的历史发展进程进行了梳理，并在此基础上详细地阐述了马克思自然观的理论来源。又进一步论述了马克思自然观的基本涵义和基本特征。马克思自然观为我们正确处理人与自然关系提供了重要启示，也为我们构建生态文明指明了前进的方向。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industry, science and technology, and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, natural environment and ecology have become the focus of people's attention day by day. Through his own practice, man has constantly reformed nature, demanded nature, and critically inherited the traditional western view of nature, especially the unprecedented changes to nature, and at the same time has also caused serious damage to our living environment. The thinkers of different times are also dealing with the relationship between man and nature in different ways. Marx's view of nature transcends Feuerbach's and Hegel's view of nature, which can be said to be a fundamental change in the view of nature. It points out the direction for building a harmonious society. The relationship between man and nature is the main content of the study of the view of nature. The main cause of eco-environmental crisis is the failure to deal with the relationship between man and nature. Under the increasingly prominent situation of ecological environment crisis, Marx's view of nature instructs us how to coordinate the relationship between man and nature and how to follow the road of sustainable development. At first, the ability of human beings to understand nature is the result of human being's transformation of nature, and then it becomes the premise and motive force of human being's further transformation of nature. Only by correctly understanding the laws of nature can we better transform nature. In the process of material transformation between man and nature, human influence on nature can be divided into two major aspects: one is the natural resources in nature; the other is the discharge of all kinds of waste into nature. The former caused a shortage of natural resources; the latter caused damage to the natural environment. This requires us to deal well with the relationship between man and nature. On the basis of reading Schmidt's Marx's concept of Nature and the manuscript of Economics and philosophy of 1844, this paper combines theory with practice, history and logic in principle. This paper combs the historical development process of Marx's view of nature, and on this basis, expounds the theoretical source of Marx's view of nature in detail. It further discusses the basic meaning and characteristics of Marx's view of nature. Marx's view of nature provides us with important enlightenment for us to deal with the relationship between man and nature correctly, and also points out the way forward for us to construct ecological civilization.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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