意识形态的语法与层级幻相

发布时间：2019-05-09 20:55

【摘要】：马克思阐释了工人阶级以个体式的理性进入社会化的生产关系过程中遭遇意识形态幻相的现实,并指明这正是因为个体的人在遭遇社会层级时产生的跨级悖论。马克思批判了哲学史上以低层级视角去解决高层级问题的乐观还原论。在层级方面,意识形态总是社会的和群体的,作为一种言说(logos),意识形态拥有个体层级的人,而不是相反。意识形态更主要是悬设在个人理性之上的元语言,在哲学史上,塔尔斯基的封闭语义悖论以隐喻的形式呼应了这一问题。马克思的意识形态问题批判背后勾连着的是一个整体性的西方哲学反思思路,从笛卡尔的"我"到胡塞尔式的"互主体性",笛卡尔的"思"走向荣格式的"集体无意识",个体式的"人"在尼采那里演化成"超人",现代西方哲学在社会层级上识别和解构个人层级的社会言说或生产叙事,乃成为一种集体共识。
[Abstract]:Marx explained the fact that the working class encountered ideological illusions in the process of entering into socialized production relations with individual rationality, and pointed out that this was precisely because of the cross-level paradox produced by individual people when they encountered social levels. Marx criticized the optimistic reductionism of solving high-level problems from a low-level perspective in the history of philosophy. In terms of hierarchy, ideology is always social and group, as a saying that (logos), ideology has the individual level of people, not the opposite. Ideology is mainly a meta-language suspended above personal rationality. In the history of philosophy, Tarski's closed semantic paradox echoes this problem in the form of metaphor. Behind Marx's criticism of ideological problems is a holistic reflection of western philosophy, from Descartes'"I" to Husserl's "mutual subjectivity", Descartes'"thought" to the "collective unconscious" of honor format. Individual "man" evolved into "superman" in Nietzsche's place, and modern western philosophy recognized and deconstructed the social speech or production narrative at individual level at the social level, which became a kind of collective consensus.
【作者单位】：黑龙江大学马克思主义学院;
【分类号】：A811

【共引文献】