马克思的分工理论及其现实意义研究

发布时间：2019-05-24 23:33

【摘要】：分工作为人类历史发展的一种普遍的自然现象,这一术语的使用大多数时候都是在经济学家和社会学家的视域里面,而很少有从从马克思历史唯物主义视角去论述马克思分工理论的。以往学界对马克思的分工理论研究主要侧重于讨论：马克思分工理论的思想来源方面、马克思分工理论的历史形态,以及马克思分工理论所实现的伟大变革等等方面着手的。而在这些研究中对于马克思分工理论的形成和发展、马克思分工理论的实质、马克思分工理论的界定等方面的研究又是相对较薄弱的并且还存在一定的争议。尤其是对于马克思分工理论的形成,更是少有从马克思思想体系中的“逻辑理路的转换”的角度方面去论述的,即使在个别文章中有所提及,但也只是作为其文章的一小部分简略地提出的,这也似乎像我们暗示了关于马克思的分工理论的形成中的“逻辑理路的转换”并不是他们关注的重点。但事实上,如果我们没有搞清楚马克思分工理论在其形成过程的“逻辑理路的转换”,我们就不能真正理解“历史唯物主义”,也不能更好地理解马克思晚期为什么会创立“剩余价值学说”。因此为了更好地理解“历史唯物主义”和“剩余价值学说”,我们就应该正确把握好马克思的分工理论在其整个思想体系中的“逻辑转换”,这也应了恩格斯在1890年10月27日写给康·施密特的信中的一句话即：“关于历史唯物主义本身的问题,从分工的观点来看问题最容易理解”。不仅如此,从分工理论出发去理解马克思的历史唯物主义和剩余价值学说更能够阐述马克思理论所具有的发展、批判、革命等等的性质! 何况,进一步加深对马克思分工理论的形成和发展过程中的“逻辑理路的转换”、马克思分工理论的实质、马克思分工理论的界定等方面的研究进而深入挖掘马克思分工理论的内容及其精神实质,深入挖掘马克思的分工理论与人、社会发展的理论,并用马克思的分工理论破解类似于城乡、工农、脑体等的对立,用马克思的分工理论规范、指导当前社会现实,从而为建构未来新式分工作出指导,都具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文主要通过梳理马克思分工理论的萌芽、创立和发展完善的过程及其体现的内容进一步挖掘马克思分工理论蕴含的批判性、革命性和社会建构性。关于马克思分工理论的发展轨迹在文中分别出现在第一、二、三章,其中第一章论述的是马克思分工理论的逻辑起点,第二章属于马克思分工理论的正式确立,第三章属于马克思分工理论的进一步发展和完善。而本文中最重要的一章则是第四章即马克思分工理论的实质。在这里,我们把马克思的分工理论理解为一种社会发展理论、社会批判理论和社会建构理论。并以此为出发点进一步区分了旧式分工与新式分工,从而为马克思建构的共产主义社会做了有力的论证。在本文中,主要用到了历史唯物主义分析法、文献查阅法、对比分析法以及理论研究和实践研究相结合。历史唯物主义分析法在本文中的体现是通过运用马克思历史唯物主义这一科学的方法,从人类社会发展的高度去审视马克思的分工理论。文献查阅法在本文中的体现是通过对马克思本人的分工理论及其相关的论述进行查阅搜集资料的一种方法。对比分析法主要是将马克思的思想家同其它的思想家分工思想进行对比分析的方法。理论研究和实践研究相结合的方法主要是将马克思分工理论运用到当代社会现实的方法。
[Abstract]:The division of labor is a common natural phenomenon in the development of human history. The use of this term is most of the time in the view of economists and sociologists, and few from the perspective of Marx's historical materialism to discuss the theory of the division of labor. In the past, the study of the theory of division of labor in Marx mainly focused on the discussion: the source of thought of Marx's division of labor, the historical form of Marx's division of labor, and the great change of Marx's division of labor, and so on. In these studies, the research on the formation and development of Marx's division of labor, the essence of Marx's division of labor and the definition of Marx's division of labor are relatively weak and there are some disputes. Especially for the formation of Marx's division of labor, it is seldom discussed from the point of view of the "the transformation of logical road" of Marx's thought system, even in the individual articles, but only as a small part of its article, This also seems to suggest that the "the transformation of logical road" in the formation of Marx's theory of division of labour is not the focus of their concerns. But in fact, if we don't understand the "the transformation of logical road" of Marx's division of labor in its forming process, we can't really understand the "historical materialism", and we can't better understand why the late stage of Marx's" theory of surplus value ". Furthermore, from the theory of division of labor, it is to be understood that Marx's theory of historical materialism and surplus value is more capable of elaborating the development, criticism, revolution and so on of Marx's theory. In addition, further deepening the research on the formation and development of Marx's division of labor, the essence of Marx's division of labor, the definition of the theory of the division of labor, and so on, further explores the content of the theory of division of labor and the essence of Marx's division of labor. The essence of God, in-depth excavation of Marx's theory of division of labor and the theory of human and social development, and using Marx's theory of division of labor to break the opposition to the urban and rural, industrial and rural areas, and using Marx's theory of division of labor to guide the current social reality, so as to build a new sub-work in the future. The guidance is of great theoretical value and present In this paper, by combing the development of Marx's theory of division of labor, the process of creation and development, and the content embodied in Marx's division of labor, this paper further explores the critical, revolutionary and the content of Marx's division of labor. The development of Marx's division of labor is in the first, second and third chapters. The first chapter discusses the logical starting point of Marx's division of labor, and the second chapter belongs to the theory of Marx's division of labor. The third chapter is the further study of the theory of Marx's division of labor. The most important chapter in this paper is the division of labor of Marx. In this context, we understand Marx's theory of division of labor as a kind of social development theory, social critical theory and society The theory is constructed, and the old-style division of labor and the new division of labor are further distinguished as a starting point, so that the communist society constructed by Marx is made. In this paper, the historical materialism analysis method, the literature review method, the comparative analysis method and the theory research are mainly used in this paper. The method of historical materialism analysis in this paper is to examine the horse from the height of the development of human society by using the scientific method of Marx's historical materialism. The theory of the division of labor of Kesi is reflected in this paper by referring to the theory of division of labor of Marx himself and its related discussion. A method of data is to compare Marx's thinkers with other thinkers. The method of comparative analysis. The method of combining theory and practice is to apply the theory of labor division of labor to the present time.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B03;A811

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