毛泽东的苏联（俄）观研究

发布时间：2019-06-03 23:01

【摘要】：中苏关系是20世纪世界上最重要的大国关系之一,也是中国最重要最复杂最敏感最多变的外交关系。基于中苏关系的重要性和复杂性,以及中苏关系的演变对国际共产主义运动乃至世界政治格局的巨大影响,对中苏关系的研究一直是政治学界、历史学界尤其是党史学界研究的重点和热点之一。但迄今为止,尚未见从某一特定个体一生对苏联(俄)的认识及其发展变化的角度来系统研究中苏关系的论著。因此,毛泽东的苏联(俄)观研究是一项具有创新性的研究课题。 “毛泽东的苏联(俄)观”可以简单界定为：在不同历史时期充当不同社会角色(有时同时肩负几个社会角色)的毛泽东对苏联(俄)及其执政党和政党领袖、国家领导人的根本看法和观点。毛泽东一生对苏联(俄)的认识经历了若干个重要时期,每个时期的内容既有继承性,又有重大不同,呈现不同特点。影响毛泽东苏联(俄)观形成的因素极为复杂,既有意识形态的因素,又有国家利益的因素,也有民族情感的因素,还有由于特殊成长环境、教育背景所致独特个性的因素。各种因素相互交织,在某一时期某一事件上,一种因素占主导地位起决定作用；而在另一时期另一事件上,另一因素又占主导地位起决定作用。毛泽东的苏联(俄)观涉及面很广,既涉及到中共和苏(联)共的关系,又涉及到中共和共产国际的关系(1921—1943),也涉及到中国政府(包括北洋政府、国民政府和中华人民共和国政府)和苏联政府的关系,还涉及到毛泽东个人与苏(联)共领导人及共产国际领导人的关系等。因此,毛泽东的苏联观具有立体性、多维性和复杂性。毛泽东的苏联(俄)观既是其个人的认识,而在其成为中国共产党的领袖、新中国的领袖后,他的苏联观在很大程度上又代表了中国共产党、中国政府和中国人民的苏联观。由于毛泽东在党和国家中特殊的地位和作用,他的苏联观不可避免地影响对内对外重大方针政策的制定和执行,从而对中苏两党两国关系乃至世界政治格局产生重大影响。毛泽东的苏联(俄)观充满了发展和变化,他在不同时期对苏联(俄)所采取的态度和策略也充满了变数。当然,变化之中也有不变,甚至可以说最关键的还是“不变”,这个“不变”,就是国家的独立、主权、安全和民族的尊严；这个“不变”,就是毛泽东始终不渝地坚持把马克思主义的基本原理同中国具体实际相结合,独立自主地探索中国革命和社会主义的建设道路。这个“不变”,贯穿于毛泽东苏联(俄)观发展的全过程,是把握毛泽东苏联(俄)观的一条主线。毛泽东的苏联(俄)观有很多的经验,也有不少的教训,认真对其进行总结,对于我们今天正确处理中俄关系,及其与中国密切相关的大国关系、周边国家关系和社会主义国家间的关系,都有着深刻的启示和借鉴作用。本论文除导论外,还有四章和结语。第一章：毛泽东早期苏(沙)俄观的逐步形成,共分三节外加小结,即“对沙俄的初步认识”、“十月革命一声炮响,给中国送来了马克思列宁主义”、“以俄为师,走俄国人的路”和小结。主要研究的是中国共产党成立前毛泽东苏(沙)俄观的主要内容和主要特点。第二章：中国革命视野下毛泽东的苏联观,共分四节外加小结,即“大革命时期毛泽东的苏联观”、“土地革命时期毛泽东的苏联观”、“抗日战争时期毛泽东的苏联观”、“解放战争时期毛泽东的苏联观”和小结。主要研究的是从中国共产党成立到夺取全国政权这一时期毛泽东苏联观的主要内容和主要特点。第三章：中国共产党执政视野下毛泽东的苏联观,共分三节外加小结,即“建国初10年毛泽东的苏联观”、“中苏公开论战中毛泽东的苏联观”、“中苏对抗中毛泽东的苏联观”和小结,主要研究的是新中国成立以来直到毛泽东逝世这一时期毛泽东苏联观的主要内容和主要特点。第四章：多维视角下毛泽东的苏联(俄)观,即从意识形态、国家利益、大国关系、周边国家关系、党际关系、国际共运、领导者独特个性等多维角度对毛泽东的苏联(俄)观进行总结。结语：毛泽东苏联(俄)观的深远影响和主要启示。
[Abstract]:Sino-Soviet relations is one of the most important countries in the world in the 20th century, and is one of the most important and most sensitive and most sensitive diplomatic relations in China. On the basis of the importance and complexity of Sino-Soviet relations, as well as the evolution of Sino-Soviet relations on the international communist movement and the great influence of the world's political structure, the study of Sino-Soviet relations has always been one of the focus and hot spots of the research of the political circle and the history field, especially in the history of the Party. So far, the theory of the relationship between the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union has not been seen from a particular individual's life to the Soviet Union (Russia) and its development. Therefore, the research of Mao Zedong's Soviet (Russian) view is an innovative research subject. The "Mao Zedong's View of the Soviet Union" can be simply defined as the fundamental views and views of the Soviet Union (Russia) and its governing and political party leaders, national leaders, and their governing and political party leaders in different historical periods. points. Mao Zedong's awareness of the Soviet Union (Russia) has experienced several important periods in his life, and the content of each period has both the inheritance and the great difference, and the presentation does not The factors that affect the formation of Mao Zedong's view of the Soviet Union are extremely complex, the factors of the existing ideology, the factors of the national interest, the factors of the national emotion, and the unique personality caused by the special growth environment and the educational background. Factors that are intertwined; one factor is dominant in one of the events of a particular period, while another factor in another event in another period is dominated by another factor The relationship between the Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of China (1921-1943), as well as the Chinese Government (package), has a wide range of relations with the Soviet Union of the Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of China (1921-1943). The relationship between the Beiyang Government, the National Government and the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union also involved the leaders of Mao Zedong and the Soviet Union and the Communist International Therefore, Mao Zedong's view of the Soviet Union has three-dimensional, multi-dimensional The nature and complexity of Mao Zedong's view of the Soviet Union (Russia) is not only the individual's understanding, but after it becomes the leader of the Communist Party of China and the leader of the new China, his Soviet view represents a great extent on the Chinese Communist Party, the Chinese government and the Chinese The Soviet view of the people of the State, because of the special status and role of Mao Zedong in the Party and the country, his view of the Soviet Union inevitably influences the formulation and implementation of the internal and foreign policy, so that the relations between the two parties of China and the Soviet Union and the world political system Mao Zedong's view of the Soviet Union is full of development and change, and his attitude to the Soviet Union in different times And the strategy is also full of variables. Of course, there is no change in the change, and even the most critical or the "constant", this "constant" is the country's independence, sovereignty, security and the dignity of the nation; the "trunk" consta The nt "" is the unswerving adherence of Mao Zedong to the combination of the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China, and to explore the Chinese revolution independently and independently. The construction road of socialism. This "constant", through the whole process of the development of Mao Zedong's Soviet Union (Russia), is to hold the Soviet Union of Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong's Soviet Union (Russia) has a lot of experience and has a lot of lessons, and it is a lot of lessons to be summed up, and the relationship between China and Russia, its relations with China, its relations and the society The relationship between the interventionist countries is deep. The Enlightenment and the Reference of Carving. In addition to this paper, In addition to the introduction, there are four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter: the gradual formation of the Russian concept of the Soviet Union in the early period of Mao Zedong, divided into three plus summaries, namely, "A Preliminary Understanding of the Russian-Russian", "The revolution of the October revolution rang and brought Marxism-Leninism to China", Take the Roussian, and take the Roussian w "ay." and summary. The main study is the establishment of the former Chairman of the Communist Party of China, and the former Chairman of the Communist Party of China. ) The main contents and main characteristics of the Russian view. Chapter 2: The Soviet view of Mao Zedong in the view of the Chinese revolution, divided into four additional summary, namely, "Mao Zedong's View of the Soviet Union during the Great Revolution", "Mao Zedong's View of the Soviet Union during the Agrarian Revolution;", "Mao Zedong's View of the Soviet Union in the Anti-Japanese",

"Mao Zedong's View of the Sovi et Union in the war of Liber" The main study is the period from the founding of the Communist Party of China to the seizure of the national power The main content and main characteristics of the view of the Soviet Union of the Soviet Union. Chapter 3: The Soviet view of the Communist Party of China under the ruling of the Communist Party of China, divided into three additional summary, namely, the "Mao Zedong's view of the Soviet Union in the first ten years of the founding of", the "Mao Zedong's View of the Soviet Union in the War of Sino-Soviet Open", the "Mao Zedong's View of Soviet Union in Sino-Soviet confrontation" and the summary. The main study is that the new China has not been established until the death of Mao Zedong. The main contents and main characteristics of Mao Zedong's view of the Soviet Union. Chapter 4: The view of Mao Zedong's Soviet (Russia) view from the perspective of multi-dimension, namely, from the ideology, the national interest, the great power relations, the relations between the neighboring countries, the inter-party relations, the international co-operation, the unique personality of the leaders, etc. A summary of Mao Zedong's view of the Soviet Union (Russia) at a multi-dimensional point of view.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A841

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