论马克思人学对费尔巴哈人本主义的扬弃
发布时间：2019-06-22 20:27
【摘要】：费尔巴哈哲学是马克思哲学的主要思想来源之一,要了解马克思的哲学思想就必须得先了解费尔巴哈的哲学思想。费尔巴哈通过把黑格尔的绝对哲学颠倒过来,让唯物主义重新登上了工座。可费尔巴哈似乎无意于唯心主义和唯物主义的论争,他标榜自己的哲学足人本主义,和人本主义相对的就是神本主义。费尔巴哈科学地看到了基督教的本质,他要树立人的第一性的地位,他反对神学,认为神只不过是人对自己无限本质的反映。他主张人本主义从现实的人出发,人首先是感性的存在物,是感性标示了人的当下存在,人有其自然属性。费尔巴哈直观到了人的自然属性,同时也敏锐地看到了人的社会学的本质,他把人的意识和动物的意识做了区别,认为人有类的意识而动物没有,同时他在论证人的本质时,还涉及到人的绝对本质。 马克思在费尔巴哈人本主义的基础上创造了自己的人学思想,马克思肯定了费尔巴哈的唯物主义,认为他的功绩就是对思辨的哲学的反叛和认识到了现实的人才是思考的出发点。不过他和费尔巴哈不同的是,他主张用人的活动性来解人。他认为费尔巴哈只是直观到了人的本质,而没有从人的活动中来理解人,人是人活动的产物,马克思认为实践是人的基本存在方式,是人类实践活动成就了人,也建构了人类社会和历史,对人的了解要到社会和历史中去了解。他认为费尔巴哈的人本学思想同样是抽象的,是脱离人的。和费尔巴哈基于人学和神学的对立从而论述了宗教异化的思路不同,马克思是基于人与人的劳动的统一和对立论证了人和其劳动产品的异化,并在共产主义理想中展望了人的自由和全面的发展。
[Abstract]:Feuerbach philosophy is one of the main sources of Marxist philosophy. In order to understand Marx's philosophical thought, we must first understand Feuerbach's philosophical thought. By turning Hegelian absolute philosophy upside down, Feuerbach brought materialism back to work. But Feuerbach seems to have no intention of arguing about idealism and materialism. He boasts that his philosophical humanism, as opposed to humanism, is theocracy. Feuerbach scientifically saw the essence of Christianity. He wanted to establish the first place of man. He opposed theology and thought that God was only a reflection of man's infinite nature. He holds that humanism starts from realistic people, and that human beings are first and foremost perceptual beings, which indicate the present existence of human beings and human beings have their natural attributes. Feuerbach intuitively sees the nature of human beings, but also keenly sees the essence of human sociology. He distinguishes human consciousness from animal consciousness, and holds that human beings have class consciousness but animals do not. At the same time, when he discusses the nature of witnesses, he also involves the absolute nature of human beings. Marx created his own humanistic thought on the basis of Feuerbach humanism. Marx affirmed Feuerbach's materialism and believed that his achievements were the rebellion against speculative philosophy and the realization that realistic talents were the starting point of thinking. But unlike Feuerbach, he advocated the activity of employing people to solve people. He believes that Feuerbach is only intuitionistic to the nature of human beings, but does not understand people from human activities, man is the product of human activities. Marx believes that practice is the basic way of existence of human beings, that human practical activities have achieved human beings, and that human society and history have also been constructed, and that the understanding of human beings should be understood in society and history. He believed that Feuerbach's humanistic thought was also abstract and detached from man. Different from Feuerbach's idea of religious alienation based on the opposition of humanism and theology, Marx demonstrated the alienation of human beings and their labor products based on the unity and opposition of human labor, and looked forward to the free and all-round development of human beings in the communist ideal.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B038;A811
本文编号：2504927
[Abstract]:Feuerbach philosophy is one of the main sources of Marxist philosophy. In order to understand Marx's philosophical thought, we must first understand Feuerbach's philosophical thought. By turning Hegelian absolute philosophy upside down, Feuerbach brought materialism back to work. But Feuerbach seems to have no intention of arguing about idealism and materialism. He boasts that his philosophical humanism, as opposed to humanism, is theocracy. Feuerbach scientifically saw the essence of Christianity. He wanted to establish the first place of man. He opposed theology and thought that God was only a reflection of man's infinite nature. He holds that humanism starts from realistic people, and that human beings are first and foremost perceptual beings, which indicate the present existence of human beings and human beings have their natural attributes. Feuerbach intuitively sees the nature of human beings, but also keenly sees the essence of human sociology. He distinguishes human consciousness from animal consciousness, and holds that human beings have class consciousness but animals do not. At the same time, when he discusses the nature of witnesses, he also involves the absolute nature of human beings. Marx created his own humanistic thought on the basis of Feuerbach humanism. Marx affirmed Feuerbach's materialism and believed that his achievements were the rebellion against speculative philosophy and the realization that realistic talents were the starting point of thinking. But unlike Feuerbach, he advocated the activity of employing people to solve people. He believes that Feuerbach is only intuitionistic to the nature of human beings, but does not understand people from human activities, man is the product of human activities. Marx believes that practice is the basic way of existence of human beings, that human practical activities have achieved human beings, and that human society and history have also been constructed, and that the understanding of human beings should be understood in society and history. He believed that Feuerbach's humanistic thought was also abstract and detached from man. Different from Feuerbach's idea of religious alienation based on the opposition of humanism and theology, Marx demonstrated the alienation of human beings and their labor products based on the unity and opposition of human labor, and looked forward to the free and all-round development of human beings in the communist ideal.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B038;A811
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