应对人口老龄化的公共政策研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 00:00

本文关键词：应对人口老龄化的公共政策研究　出处：《河北大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：21世纪是全球性人口老龄化的世纪，伴随着全球性人口老龄化的到来，人口老龄化将会深刻地影响着人类社会经济生活各个方面。我国经过40多年的计划生育和30多年的改革开放，经济发展迅速，人民生活水平大幅度提高，妇女生育水平大幅度降低，这些是我国人口老龄化程度不断加深的重要原因。我国人口老龄化具有来势凶猛、规模大、与经济发展不同步、老龄化程度在地区与城乡之间存在差异及高龄化趋势明显的特点。伴随着人口老龄化进程不断的加快将会通过对消费、储蓄率、劳动力数量及劳动生产率的影响直接或间接地影响我国经济发展，且还会对我国养老保障、医疗保障、养老服务体系、就业及教育造成一定的影响。人口老龄化是公共问题，公共问题是公共政策产生的根源，人口老龄化问题涉及范围广泛，依靠单一的公共政策并不能很好的解决人口老龄化问题。当前我国所实施的公共政策主要分为政治政策、经济政策、社会政策及教科文政策；而我国目前应对人口老龄化所实施的公共政策主要涉及养老保障政策、医疗保障政策及养老服务政策，这三项政策都属于社会政策；经济政策与教科文政策也有政策应对人口老龄化，例如：老龄产业政策、老年教育政策。通过这些政策的实施，确实取得了一定的优异成绩，然而随着人口老龄化进程的加快，这些政策在实施时就存在不足之处，而且这些政策本身也存在功能单一、视野偏短、对象定位不准、总体效用较低及碎片化明显不足之处，因此，调整应对人口老龄化的公共政策就有研究价值。我国应通过构建多层次社会养老保险体系、加快农村新型养老保险制度和机关事业单位的养老保障制度改革、提高社会保险资金的统筹水平及提高社会保险关系的便捷性完善养老保障及医疗保障公共政策；通过中央制定全国总体规划，确定建设目标和主要任务，，制定优惠政策，加快建立健全的养老服务体系；适当调整计划生育政策；树立正确的老年教育观念，大力发展老年教育，通过构建终身教育体系，完善教育体系；通过适当延长退休年龄及重视老年人才价值开发，构建“生产性老龄化”；通过改变老年事业投资模式及制定一些促进老年事业发展的优惠政策大力发展老年事业；因此，我国应该改进公共政策、完善政策本身，再将各项公共政策加以协调，解决好人口老龄化问题。
[Abstract]:21th century is the century of global population aging, with the arrival of global population aging. After more than 40 years of family planning and more than 30 years of reform and opening up, China's economic development has been rapid, and the living standards of the people have been greatly improved. The fertility level of women has been greatly reduced, which is an important reason for the deepening of the aging of the population in our country. The aging of the population in our country has a fierce force, large scale and out of step with the economic development. Aging degree in the region and between urban and rural areas and the obvious characteristics of the aging trend. With the population aging process will be accelerated through consumption, savings rate. The influence of labor force quantity and labor productivity will directly or indirectly affect the economic development of our country, and will also have certain influence on our country's old-age security, medical security, old-age service system, employment and education. Population aging is a public problem, public problem is the root of public policy, the problem of population aging involves a wide range. Relying on a single public policy is not a good solution to the problem of population aging. At present, the public policies implemented in China are mainly divided into political policy, economic policy, social policy and UNESCO policy. At present, the public policies to cope with the aging population in China mainly involve the old-age security policy, the medical security policy and the old-age service policy, which are all social policies. Economic policies and UNESCO policies also have policies to deal with the ageing of the population, such as the industrial policy on ageing, the policy of education for the elderly. Through the implementation of these policies, some outstanding achievements have indeed been made. However, with the acceleration of population aging process, these policies in the implementation of deficiencies, and these policies themselves also have a single function, short vision, object positioning. The overall utility is low and fragmentation is obvious. Therefore, it is valuable to adjust the public policies to cope with the aging of the population. China should build a multi-level social endowment insurance system to speed up the reform of the new old-age insurance system in rural areas and the old-age security system of government institutions. Improve the overall level of social insurance funds and improve the convenience of social insurance relationship to improve the old-age security and medical security public policies; Through the central government to formulate a national master plan, determine the construction objectives and main tasks, formulate preferential policies, accelerate the establishment of a sound pension service system; Appropriate adjustment of the family planning policy; To set up the correct concept of education for the elderly, to develop the education for the elderly vigorously, and to perfect the education system by constructing the system of lifelong education; "productive aging" can be constructed by properly prolonging retirement age and paying attention to the value development of the elderly; By changing the investment mode of the elderly and making some preferential policies to promote the development of the elderly, we should vigorously develop the elderly; Therefore, our country should improve the public policy, perfect the policy itself, and then coordinate the various public policies to solve the problem of population aging.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：C924.2;D63

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